Chapter 3 terms Flashcards
Every non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.
Environment
The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
Behavior Genetics
Thread like structure made of DNA molecules that contain genes
Chromosomes
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
DNA
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
Genes
Twins who develop from a single fertile egg that splits into two, creating two genetically identical organisms.
Identical Twins
Twins who develop from two separate eggs. They are genetically no closer than two brothers or sisters, but they shared a fetal environment.
Fraternal Twins
A person’s Characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.
Temperament
The portion of variation among two individuals that we can attribute to genes.
Heritability
The effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another (such as heredity)
Interaction
The subfield of biology that studies molecular structure and function of genes
Molecular Genetics
The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles o natural selection.
Evolutionary Psychology
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
Natural Selection
A random error in gene replications that leads to a change
Mutation
In psychology, the biological and socially influenced Characteristic by which people define male and female.
Gender
The enduring behaviors, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Culture
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.
Norm
The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
Personal Space
Giving priority to ones own goals over the goals of a group, and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification.
Individualism
Giving priority to the goals of one group (often ones extended family) and defining one’s identity accordingly.
Collection
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.
Aggression
The sex chromosome found in both men and women.
X Chromosomes
The sex chromosome found only in men.
Y Chromosomes
The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and development of the male sex Characteristic during puberty.
Testosterone
A set of expectations (norms) about social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
Role
A set of expected behaviors for males and for females
Gender Role
One’s sense of being male or female
Gender Identity
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
Gender Typing
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social Learning Theory
The theory that children learn from their concept cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly.
Gender Schema Theory
