Chapter 8- Project Quality Management Flashcards
Quality
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements
Grade
A category rank be used to distinguish items that have the same functional us but do not share the same requirements for quality. An example hammer may need to withstand different amount of force
Precision
Measure of exactness
Accuracy
Assessment of correctness
Quality management concepts
Prevention over inspection Continuous improvement Total quality management Responsibility for quality Impact of pool quality
Impact of poor quality
Increased costs Decreased profits Low morale Low customer satisfaction Increased risk Rework Schedule delays
Seven basic quality tools
Cause and effect diagram Flowchart Checksheet Pareto diagram Histogram Control chart Scatter diagrams
Plan quality management
Process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and is deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with relevant quality requirements and/or standards. Key benefit: it provides guidance and direction on how quality will be managed and validated throughout the project.
Focuses on defining quality for the project, and project management, and planning how that will be at achieved.
Plan quality management ITTO
INPUTS: Project management plan Stakeholder register Risk register Requirements documentation Enterprise environmental factors Organisational process assets
TT Cost benefit analysis Cost of quality Seven basic quality tools Benchmarking Design of experiments Statistical sampling Additional quality planning tools Meetings
OUTPUTS Quality management plan Process improvement plan Quality metrics Quality checklists Project document updates
Cost benefit analysis
Compares the cost of the quality step to the expected benefits
Cost of quality
Cost of quality includes all costs incurred over the life of the project by investment in preventing non conformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to meet requirements.
Cause and effect diagram
A decomposition technique and that helps trace and undesirable effect back to its root cause.
Flowchart
The depiction in a diagram format of the inputs, process actions, and outputs of one or more processes within a system
Checksheets
a tally sheet that can be used as a check lee when gathering data
Pareto diagram
A histogram, ordered by a frequency occurrence, and that shows how many results were generated by each identified cause
histogram
Special form of bar chart used to describe the central tendency, dispersion and shape of a statistical distribution. It does not consider the influence of time on the variation that exists within a distribution.
Control charts
Used to determine whether or not the process is stable or has predictable performance. Upper and lower specification limits are based on requirements of the agreement . A graphic display of process data over time against established control limits, which has a centerline and that assists in detecting a trend to affect process improvements, evaluating possible alternatives, and recommending appropriate corrective action as needed.
Scatter diagram
A correlation chart that uses A regression line to explain or predict how the change in an independent variable will change a dependent variable
Benchmarking
Involves comparing actual all planned project practices to those of comparable projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Design of experiments ( DOE)
Statistical methods for identifying which factors may influence specific variables all of a product under development or in production. It provides statistical framework for systematically changing all of the important factors rather than changing the factors one at the time
Statistical sampling
Involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection
Additional quality planning tools
Brainstorming
Force field analysis (these are diagrams of the forces for and against)
Nominal group techniques
Quality management and control tools
Quality management plan
Describes how the organization’s quality policies will be implemented. In describes how the project management team plans to meet the quality requirements set for project.
Process improvement plan
Details the steps for analysing project management and product development processes to identify activities that enhance their values. It includes: Process boundaries Process configuration Process metrics Targets for improved performance
Quality metrics
A quality metric specifically describes an project or product attributes and how to control quality process will measure it.
Checklist
Structured tool; usually component -specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed.
Perform quality assurance
Process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used. The key benefit it facilitates the improvement of quality processes.
Perform quality assurance ITTO
INPUTS: Quality management plan Process improvement plan Quality metrics Quality control measurements Project documents
TT
Quality management and control tools
Quality audits
Process analysis
OUTPUTS Change requests Project management plan updates Project documents updates Organisational process assets updates
Quality assurance process
Executing process, focus is on the work being done on a project. Purpose is to ensure that team is following organisational policies, standards, and processes as planned to produce the project’s deliverables.
Quality management and control tools
Affinity diagram Process decision program charts PDPC Interrelationship diagraphs Tree diagrams Prioritization Matrices Activity network diagrams Matrix diagrams
Affinity diagram
Allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis
Process decision program charts
Used to understand a goal in relation to the steps for getting to the goal
Interrelationship diagraphs
Provide process for creative problem sold and been moderately complex scenarios that possesses intertwined and logical relationships
Tree diagram
A systematic diagram of a decomposition hierarchy used to visualize A parent to child relationships a systematic set of rules
Prioritization matrices
We used to identify key issues and evaluates suitable alternatives to define a set of implementation priorities
Activity network diagram
arrow diagrams
Matrix diagrams
used to perform data analysis within the organizational structure created within the matrix. It seeks to show the strength of relationships between factors, causes and objectives that exist between rows and columns that form matrix.
Quality audit
Structured, independent process to determine if activities compliance with organizational and project policies, processes and procedures
Process analysis
Follows the steps outlined in the process improvement plan to identifying needed improvements
Control quality
Process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes. Key benefits: 1) identifies the causes of poor process or product quality and recommending and taking action to eliminate them, 2) validating the project deliverables and work meet the requirements specified by key stakeholders necessary for final acceptance
Control quality ITTO
INPUTS Project management plan Quality metrics Quality checklists Work performance data Approved change requests Deliverables Project documents Organisational process assets
TT Seven basic quality tools Statistical sampling Inspection Approved change requests review
OUTPUT Quality control measurements Validated changes Verified deliverables Work performance information Change requests Project management plan updates Project document updates Organisational process assets updates
Prevention verses inspection
Prevention is keeping errors out of the process and inspection keeping errors out of the hands of the customer
Attribute sampling vs. Variables sampling
Attribute sampling- the result either conforms or does not conform.
The variables sampling- the result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity
Tolerance vs. Control limits
Tolerance is a specified range of acceptable results
Controlling its-identify boundary of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance
