Chapter 8: Preparing and Supporting a Speech Flashcards

Chapter 8: Preparing and Supporting a Speech

1
Q

broad socio-cultural categories, such as age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, education level, religion, ethnicity, and nationality used to segment a larger population

A

Demographics

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2
Q

consider the audience’s psychological dispositions towards the topic, the speaker and the occasion as well as how their attitudes, beliefs, and values inform those dispositions

A

Psychological audience analysis

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3
Q

when an audience sees you as competent, trustworthy, and engaging

A

Credibility

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4
Q

people who are required to attend your presentations

A

Captive audience

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5
Q

people who have decided to come hear your speech

A

Voluntary audience

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6
Q

to inform, to persuade, or to entertain

A

General purpose

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7
Q

generating many potential topic ideas in a fast-paced and nonjudgmental manner

A

Brainstorming

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8
Q

one-sentence statement that includes the objective you want to accomplish in your speech

A

Specific purpose

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9
Q

one-sentence summary of the central idea of your speech

A

Thesis

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10
Q

Information-retrieval experts

A

Reference librarians

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11
Q

allow access to newspapers, magazines, journals, and books from around the world

A

Databases

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12
Q

magazines and journals that are published periodically

A

Periodicals

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13
Q

author-supplied summary of the source

A

Abstract

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14
Q

the most rigorous form of review, which takes several months to years and ensures that the information that is published has been vetted and approved by numerous experts on the subject

A

Peer-review process

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15
Q

sources written by people with firsthand experiences or by researchers/scholars who conducted original research

A

Primary sources

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16
Q

compiled research by others in a condensed format

A

Secondary sources

17
Q

cited case that is representative of a larger whole

A

Example

18
Q

clarify ideas by providing information about what something is, why something is the way it is, or how something works or came to be

A

Explanation

19
Q

numerical representations of information

A

Statistics

20
Q

a comparison of ideas, items, or circumstances

A

Analogy

21
Q

quoted information from people with direct knowledge about a subject or situation

A

Testimonies

22
Q

help a speaker reinforce speech content visually, which helps amplify the speaker’s message

A

Visual aids

23
Q

a miniature speech within your larger speech. Each will have a central idea, meet some part of your specific purpose, and include supporting material from your research that relates to your thesis

A

Main point

24
Q

similar wording among key organizing signposts and main points that helps structure a speech

A

Parallel wording

25
Q

breaking a large idea or category into smaller ideas or subcategories

A

Topical pattern

26
Q

presenting your best information first in order to make a positive impression and engage your audience early in your speech

A

Primacy effect

27
Q

based on the idea that an audience will best remember the information they heard most recently

A

Recency effect

28
Q

speech structure based on time or sequence

A

Chronological pattern

29
Q

arranges main points based on their layout or proximity to each other

A

Spatial pattern

30
Q

presenting a problem and offering one or multiple solutions

A

Problem-solution pattern

31
Q

forming a relationship between ideas that shows a progression from origin to result

A

Cause-effect pattern

32
Q

a five step organizational pattern to help persuade an audience. 1. Attention Step: Grab the audience’s attention in the introduction. 2. Need Step: Establish the reason that your topic needs to be addressed. Satisfaction Step: Present a solution to the problem that you are addressing. 4. Visualization Step: Incorporate a positive/negative motivation to support the relationship you have set up between the need and your proposal. 5. Action Step: Include a call to action that tells people what they can do about the situation.

A

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

33
Q

citing the sources you have obtained information from in your speech to prove your credibility to the audience

A

Verbally (orally) citing

34
Q

statements that help audience members navigate the changes in a speech

A

Signposts

35
Q

pauses and changes in rate, pitch, or volume that help to emphasize a transition in a speech

A

Nonverbal signposts

36
Q

a question which will elicit a mental response from the audience, not a verbal or nonverbal one

A

Rhetorical question

37
Q

a full-sentence outline that helps you prepare for your speech. It includes the introduction and conclusion, the main content of the body, key supporting materials, citation information written into the sentences in the outline, and a references page for your speech.

A

Formal outline

38
Q

a keyword and phrase outline that helps you deliver your speech. The speaking outline helps you get that information out to the audience.

A

Speaking outline