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ap human geography > chapter 8 political geography > Flashcards

chapter 8 political geography Flashcards

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1
Q

allocation

A

when a resource lies on two sides of a border

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2
Q

locational

A

when the border moves, like a river changing course or lake drying up.

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3
Q

operational

A

when borders are agreed to, but passage across the borders is a problem

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4
Q

definitional

A

when borders treaties are interpreted two different ways.

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5
Q

devolution

A

the pressures for independence within a state from various ethnic group

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6
Q

federal states

A

allocated some power to units of local government (good for large, fragmented or elongated states)

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7
Q

unitary states

A

places most power in the hands of the central government (good for small compact states)

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8
Q

definition

A

boundary process when borders are claimed, negotiated,or captured and legally described.

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9
Q

delimitation

A

boundary process when borders are drawn onto a map

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10
Q

demarcation

A

boundary process when visible markers are place on the ground to show where the borders lay, with a fence, wall, sign etc.

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11
Q

administration

A

the enforcement by a government or people of a boundary that has been created.

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12
Q

united nations

A

supranational organization of nearly 200 member states bound together to create collective security through diplomatic peaceful cooperation.

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13
Q

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

A

regional economic alliance among Canada, United States and Mexico

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14
Q

warsaw pact

A

supranational organization of communist allies formed during the Cold War

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15
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

supranational organization formed during the cold war to combat the expansion of communist states.

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16
Q

european union

A

supranational organization of nearly 25 member states in Europe that have integrated for improved economic and political cooperation

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17
Q

Untied Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

A

UN document of agreement among coastal states defining how they should divide the earth’s bodies of water.

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18
Q

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

A

supranational organization created by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia , and Venezuela in 1960 to secure fair and stable prices for oil.

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19
Q

compact state

A

a state in which the distance from the center to any boundary doesn’t vary much, the capital is located in the center because it improves communication

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20
Q

prorupted state

A

a state with a large extension to access natural resources like water, or to separate states that would otherwise share a boundary

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21
Q

elongated state

A

state that has a long narrow shape and might have communication problems (potential isolation)

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22
Q

fragmented state

A

a state that has several discontinuous pieces of territory and can lead to conflict (problematic)

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23
Q

perforated state

A

a state that completely surrounds another

24
Q

enclave

A

a piece of territory that is surrounded by another political unit (inside of a perforated state)

25
Q

exclave

A

a fragmented territory that is separated from the state by another state

26
Q

landlocked state

A

a state that lacks access to the ocean or sea

27
Q

territorial morphology

A

the relationship between a state’s geographic shape, size, and relative location and political situation

28
Q

redistricting or reapportionment

A

the redrawing of boundaries from time to time to account for a change in the population (usually after the Census - 10 yrs.)

29
Q

gerrymandering

A

the redrawing of legislative boundaries to benefit a specific political boundary

30
Q

maritime boundaries

A

boundaries in the world’s oceans

31
Q

exclusive economic zone

A

the area up to 200 nautical miles beyond a coastal state’s coast line that they ma claim according to UNCLOS

32
Q

high seas

A

Beyond the 200 mile EEZ limit are the _____ , that are beyond national jurisdiction and are free and open for all countries to use.

33
Q

city-state

A

political space comprising a central city and surrounding farmland

34
Q

state

A

a population under a single government

35
Q

sovereignty

A

internationally recognized control of a state over the people and territory within its boundaries.

36
Q

nation

A

a population with a single culture

37
Q

nation-state

A

a single culture under a single government

38
Q

micro-state

A

very small states

39
Q

supranationalism

A

growing trend of three or more countries forming an alliance for cultural,economic, or military reasons.

40
Q

country

A

an identifiable land area

41
Q

subsequent boundaries

A

conflict or cultural changes such as war or migration

42
Q

frontier

A

a zone or area between states where no state exercises complete control (found in areas that are uninhabited)

43
Q

physical boundaries

A

boundaries that following important features on the landscape such as water, mountains, and deserts

44
Q

antecedent boundaries

A

natural boundaries that existed long before those areas became populated.

45
Q

geometric boundaries

A

boundaries that following straight lines and have little to do with the physical or cultural landscape (often based on latitude lines)

46
Q

superimposed boundaries

A

lines that were drawn by an outside force (colonizer) that did not pay attention to the existing ethnic boundaries

47
Q

religious boundaries

A

a cultural boundary that separates two religious followings

48
Q

relict boundaries

A

former state boundaries that still have political or cultural meaning

49
Q

organic theory

A

according to Ratzel, states that did not expand their territory would disintegrate like an organism that fails to find food.

50
Q

heartland theory

A

Mackinder believed that the Eurasian landmass was the key to world domination.

51
Q

rimland theory

A

Spykman argued that the areas surrounding the Eurasian landmass and the world’s oceans was the key to the world political power

52
Q

colonialism

A

imposing political, economic and cultural control on territories that were previously uninhabited

53
Q

imperialism

A

imposing political, economic and cultural control on territories that are already occupied.

54
Q

irredentism

A

a movement to reunite a nation’s homeland when part of it is spread into another state’s border.

55
Q

ethnonationalism

A

emotional attachment to one’s nation that is a minority within a state and feels different from the rest of the state’s people.

56
Q

decolonization

A

the process of colonies becoming independent states

ap human geography (5 decks)

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