Chapter 8: phrases + phrasal categories

Question 1

1) phrase structural

Answer 1

= syntactic structure is hierarchical –> pic in notes

• begin with word classes
• after that –> group things together + build the different phrases

Question 2

2) phrase structure test (siehe course reader)

Answer 2

Pronominalization/Substitution:
= replace a string of words by something smaller (e.g. she, them, there,…)
- He kissed her (over) there.

Movement:
- On the street John kissed the girl.

Coordination:
= link sections of the sentence with “and”
- John kissed the girl on the street and on the bus

Sentence fragment:
= ask for “it” in an interrogative sentence (who, what, where,…)
- Where did John kiss the girl? On the street.

Clefting:
= isolate units from the sentence
- It was on the street where John kissed the girl. OR It is … that …

Gapping:
= use question tags on the end of the sentence
= corresponding to the German “oder”
= e.g. John kissed the girl on the street, didn’t he?

Question 3

3) different phrases

Answer 3

look at notes