Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Flashcards
to stay alive, organisms need to…
- grow and develop
- move materials around
- build new molecules
- respond to environmental changes
Energy
the ability to do work
energy is stored in…
chemical compounds
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
compound that cells use to store and release energy
Components of ATP
- adenine
- ribose
- 3 phosphate groups
ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
looks like ATP but only has 2 phosphate groups instead of 3
when a cell has energy available, it can store small amounts of it by….
adding phosphate groups to ADP molecules, producing ATP
cells can release the energy stored in ATP by….
controlled breaking of the chemical bonds between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups
This characteristic of ATP makes it exceptionally useful as a….
basic source for all cells
most cells only have a ________ amount of ATP. Only enough to last __________ of activity
Small, seconds
ATP is not good at storing energy over a long period of time. cells get more ATP from….
ADP
heterotrophs
organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things (plants or other organisms)
Autotrophs
organisms that make their own food (plants, algae, bacteria)
Photosynthesis
- means “using light to put something together”
- the process by which autotrophs capture energy in sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrate, sugars and starches, that can be used as food
- plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in bonds of carbohydrates
pigments
Light absorbing molecules that help plants gather the sun’s energy
