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biology > chapter 8 (photosynthesis) > Flashcards

chapter 8 (photosynthesis) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

chloraplasts

A

has process inside called photosynthesis

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2
Q

photosynthesis

A

inside chloroplasts.

takes sunlight and turn into energy.

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3
Q

Autotrauph

A

organisms who dod photosynthesis. they make their own energy (food)

ex: plants

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4
Q

Hetertruaph

A

organism that don’t make their own energy. eat plants who do photosynthesis or other animal who eat plants….

ex: cammal

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5
Q

energy

A

used by org. to do work

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6
Q

adenisine triphosphate: (ATP)

A

Adenosine base

5 Carb suger (ribose)

3 Phosphate bonds

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7
Q

energy used by cells-

A

adenisine triphosphate

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8
Q

last phosphate bond _____________________

A

has strongest energy bond

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9
Q

A.

what does a cell do when needing energy

A

Q.

breaks last phosphate bond. energy is released and cell has energy

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10
Q

inside chloroplasts:

A

thylacoid

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11
Q

thylacoid: (pancake)

stacks are called ________

A

:inside chloroplasts

stacks - Granum

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12
Q

stroma

A

space inside chloraplasts

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13
Q

Pigment

A

(inside thylakoid)

light absorbing molicules

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14
Q

how does color work?

A

pigment absorbs certain colors in the rainbow and reflects others (the color the abject is)

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15
Q

chloraphil

A

pigment in thylacoid.

absorbs every color but green, reflects green

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16
Q

color white:

color black:

A

absorbs nothing reflects everything

absorbs everything reflects nothing

17
Q

when cell breaks third phosphate to get energy. ATP isn’t ATP since T= tri (3) phosphate. but they are only 2.

so what is it?

A

ADP+P

D = (2)

+P = they is that third phosphate just not attached.

18
Q

ADP, if cell absorbs energy then 3rd phosphate come back,

so ADP turns to ____

A

ATP

19
Q

Photosythesis formula:

A

C02+H20 —> C6H1206+02

reactince) (product

20
Q

Van Helmont

A

did experiment, planted seed in a measurment of soil , grew 5 years. became tree.

He figured out that water was part of photosynthesis

carboHYDRATES in photosynthesis
_________
(water)

carbo= in the air

21
Q

Joseph Preistly

A

experimant- took candle lit it and put it under glass. candle extinguished. placed small tree under glass near unlit candle. after few days relit candle under glass and candle lit. tree gave off oxygen

He discovered that in order to grow you need oxygen.

22
Q

ingenhousz

A

took preslty experimant did it in the dark. didnt work.

prooves photosynthesis can only happen with light

23
Q

2 parts of photosynthesis

A
  1. light reaction (first)

2. dark reactions (doesnt have to happen in dark) (AKA Calvin Cycle)

24
Q

electrons:

A

transfers energy

25
Q

Electron carriers:

A

holds electrons because electrons are high energy to just float around.

Called NADP+

26
Q

Photosystem

A

holds chloraplasts

2 in a group

labeled back words (2—– then—–1)

27
Q

step #1 in photo.

A

sun hits photosystem 2, charges electons (in photosystem) charged electrons = excited electrons.

28
Q

step #2 in photo.

A

electrons go on electron transport chain. goes to photosystem 1. on the way it loses its energy . the energy from the electrons forces hydrogen in the stroma to move to inside thylacoid (active transport) destroys equalibriam.

sunlight zaps photosystem 1 and refills electrons with enregy -excited.

29
Q

NADP+ + electrons =

A

NADPH

30
Q

how do hydrogen go back into stroma?

A

through protein.

31
Q

htdrogen goes through protein called _____________

A

ATP synthesis.

32
Q

what happens to ATP synthesis (protein) as hydrogen goes through?

A

when hydorgen goes through ‘tunnel’ the protein spins and they spark energy retatching the 3rd phophate to the ADP.

33
Q

ADP+P=____________

A

ATP

34
Q

dark reaction, 2nd step in photo.

A

doesn’t need light

equation:
6CO2—-> C6H12O6

35
Q

dark reaction cycle:

A

6 carbon-diondioxide mixes with 6 5carb sugar. that equals 6 6carb sugar. 6 6carb sugar, they split into 12 3carbon sugar. the ATP and nadph give off energy turning into ADP and Nadp+. the energy goes to 12 3carb sugar = energized carbon

remove 2 3caeb sugar. (C6H12O6 in equation.)

left with 10 3carb sugar—- (start over) rearrange: 6 5carb sugar add 6 carbon-dioxide

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