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biology > chapter 7 (the cell) > Flashcards

chapter 7 (the cell) Flashcards

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1
Q

Rabbert Hook

A

took Cork Plant under microscope, looked like monistary rooms and called it cells because of that

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2
Q

Van Lewenhook

A

saw **live things under the microscope (pond water)

**micro-orginisms

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3
Q

shlydon (1838)

A

stated- all plants are made up of cells

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4
Q

schwan

A

stated- all animals are made up of plants

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5
Q

Virshcaw

A

stated- new cells come from old cells (existing cells)

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6
Q

the cell theory (3)

A
  1. all living things are composed by cells
  2. calls are basic unit of structure and function in living things
  3. new cells come from existing cells
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7
Q

calls vary in shape and size

but are the same in ________ _______________

A

they all have:

memebranes

DNA

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8
Q

cenetr of cell

A

nucleaos

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9
Q

cell with nucleouse-

DNA in nucleous

A

Eukariots

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10
Q

cells without nucleouse-

DNA floats around

A

Prokariots

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11
Q

nueclear envelope

A

surround nucleos

contains nucleos but allows stuff to come in and out
like membrane

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12
Q

Cytoplasm

A

liquid inside cell

cells wihout nuclease, DNA floats here

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13
Q

Eukariots

A

ex: protuest… everything

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14
Q

prokariots:

A

ex: bacteria

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15
Q

found in every cell is _____ and _______

A

DNA

membrane

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16
Q

orgenells

A

little organs (with jobs)

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17
Q

(inside the nucleose)

DNA + protein =

A

Chromoton

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18
Q

Chromotons:

A

condense cell is reproducing and turn into chromsomes

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19
Q

chromoson:

A

neat version of chromtons

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20
Q

nucleolis-

A

job is to make rybosomes

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21
Q

rybosoms-

A

job is to make proteins.

leaves nuclease (where it is created) goes into cytoplasm and floats around or sticks to ER

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22
Q

endoplasmic rituculem (ER)-

A

2 kinds:

rough ER smooth ER

with Rybosomes w/o Rybosomes

job, make job, makes membranes lipids
proteins and detoxintaes chemicals

23
Q

golgi apperatus

A

acts like UPS

takes material (from ER)and ships it to where it needs to go

24
Q

lysosomes

A

acts like garbage men

filled with Enzymes: break down anything they touch
ex:carbohydrates, lipids….

job- break down materials AND get rid of junk (old orginells)

25
Q

vaccual

A

sack like thing, stores material (ex: water)

in plants- “central vaccual” , filled with water makes stem stiff

26
Q

mitochondria

A

found in plants and animals

job- takes energy from food and turns it into usable material for cell

has its own DNA

2 membranes surrounding… (smooth, and crinkly)

all mitochondria is inherrited from the MOM

27
Q

cloraplasts

A

only found in PLANTS

2 membrains

job- Photosythesis, takes energy from the sun and turns into usable energy

has its own DNA

inside- have a Pigment (color) called Cloraphil
(turns green)

28
Q

mitochondria AND cloraplasts have in common (3)

A
  1. get energy
  2. 2 layers
  3. have own DNA
29
Q

cytoskeloten

A

skeliton of cell

gives support

has proteins - shape and move cell

in animals and plants

2 parts- micrphiliment
microtubulose

30
Q

microphilement (part of cytoskeliton)

A

helps cell move

thread like– cris crosses– make web in shell– gives shape

made of protein

31
Q

microtubuluse (part of cytoskelliton)

A

made of proteins

hollow tubes- gives structure

helps with movement - cillia
flagela

32
Q

centrials

A

used when cell is dividing

job: split cell evenly

only in animal

33
Q

proteins _____ materials inside and outisde the cell

proteins are on ________

A

transport

membrane; acts like tunnel

34
Q

cell wall

A

only in plants

support and protection for cell

35
Q

cell membrane

A

in charge of what comes in and out of cell

made of phospholipids (inside the membrane and outside)

lipids are on the edge of membrane and phosphate is furtherst apart from each other

36
Q

phospholipid bylayer

A

2 layers of phospholipids (inside and outside)

37
Q

lipid part of phospholipid

A

hydrophobic- no water can go through

38
Q

phosphate part of phospholipid

A

hydropholic- allows water through

but water cant go through cause lipid will block it

39
Q

Proteins on membrane:

A

in between the phospholipids!!

acts like tunnels- lets materials through (and water)

40
Q

cells are labeled by ‘tags’ made up of ________

A

carbohydrates

ex: proteins on the membrane

41
Q

consentration-

A

amount of solute (compound being mixed)
—————————————————————–div–
amount of solution (the thing the compound is being
(mixed)

42
Q

the answer between 2 examples, the one which is higher is the most ____________

A

consetrated

43
Q

diffusion-

A

movement from higher consentration to lower consentration.

(elevater, going to more space)

the element is crosses the mebrane until its an even amount

44
Q

equal amount of solute on both sides of membrane _________

A

equalibriam

no energy needed

45
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion in water

no energy needed

when the material cant go through so you add water to the more condenced one making it uncondenced.

46
Q

selectivly periable

A

membranes choose what can come in and out

47
Q

equilibiam

A

2 concentrations are equal. but constantly moving

48
Q

Dynamic

A

consentration is constantly changing positions

49
Q

phosilated diffusion

A

diffusion with a helper.

higher concentration to lower consentration

50
Q

what is the phosilate helper?

A

proteins

helps stuff go through (different things)

51
Q

unatrual difusion

A

energy needed

lower concentration to lower concentration

52
Q

active transport-

Proteins called _____

A

makes substance go opposite direction (low to high concentration)

uses proteins called PUMPS

need energy

53
Q

active transport
____________

endosytosis-

exsoctosis-

A

taking material in

moving material our (EXit)

biology (5 decks)

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