Chapter 8 Personality and Individual differences

Question 1

What’s the definition of Personality?

Answer 1

Used to identify the unique characteristics of individual people, and measure and understand differences between individuals

Question 2

What are the 3 approaches to personality?

Answer 2

Nomothetic - Personality is a measurable set of traits/ characteristics, sorts people into personality types & scales

Ideographic - Rejects idea of personality as set of traits (to simplistic) & says personality is something more dynamic which develops due to experience

Social-radical - Personality and its definition is product of society and its organizational power structures

Question 3

What is Mbti 1962 (Myers-briggs type indicator)

Answer 3

Influenced by Jungs work on personality types

Created a questionnaire with 93 questions to work out where an individual lies between n 4 personality indices (Extraversion/intro) (Sensing/intuition) (Thinking/feeling) (Judging/Perceiving)

Question 4

What is Predictive validity?

Answer 4

The degree to which the result of a personality test accurately predicts the behaviour of a person in a job

Question 5

Sigmund Freud’s id ego Superego 1927

Answer 5

Ideographic approach to personality, psychodynamic

Suggests our personalities are constantly changing

Our families have an effect on our personality development (Due to the rules and values we learn from them)

School brings influence, as well as university and careers

Question 6

What is Carl jung’s (1923) application onto MBTI?

Answer 6

• Suggested a complex relationship between individuals position on extraversion/introversion and physiological (Sense/intuition) (Judging/Perceiving)

Question 7

What are the types and traits of Personalities?

Answer 7

Introvert - Thrives on working alone, doing work that needs contemplation, reflection & engagement with their inner world rather than being part of a social setting (drained by social situations)

Extravert - thrives of what action and is most effective when engaging with others externally (Gets lil energy from within, instead of from the outside)

Question 8

What is Keirsey’s (2022) temperament sorter

Answer 8

Influenced by mbti,

sorts the sixteen mbti combinations into a particular type of role or occupation

SP - Promoter, crafter, performer

SJ - Supervisor, Provider, Inspector

NT - Field Marshal, Mastermind, Inventor, Architect

NF - Teacher, counsellor

N = intuition

Question 9

Classical v operant conditioning?

Answer 9

operant - Conditioning people with reward and punishment

classical- conditioning through association (E.g. Dog food and bell)

Question 10

What is the Ocean scale?

Answer 10

Used to remember 5 personality traits

Openness

Consciousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism