Chapter 6 Group's and teams Flashcards
Group think/ Social identity theory/ difference between group and team
What is the difference between a group and a team (Characteristics)
Group - Collection of people with common bond, but not shared sense of purpose (Individually accountable, focus on individual goal and outcome, share info and different perspectives
Team - Group that meets together with common purpose & mutual interdependence (Collectively accountable, plan together, collaborate, work focus on team goals & outcomes)
What is groupthink?
When powerful social pressures are put in group members to think in a particular way, as to not voice concerns or alternative viewpoints, to stick to previously committed agreements, even when wrong
- Results in a deterioration in mental efficiency and moral judgements
Pressure on opponents
Stereotyped view of enemy
Self Censorship
What is Tuckman’s (1977) 5 stage model?
In order for teams to become mature they must go through 5 stages leading to a HPT
Which involve two key factors (Interpersonal relationships and task orientation(focus on tasks)
Forming - Members get to know each other, form ground rules
Storming - Members resist control by group leaders, show hostility
Norming - Members work together, developing close relations
Performing - Group members work to complete goal
Adjourning - Groups disband after meeting goals
What is the social identity theory?
Being part of a group can be central to our identity
Collective identities help us form positive concepts of ourselves and shape actions we conduct, being part of a group can provide stability and self esteem
Professional identities can clash with team identities
By being part of groups individuals can be deindividualized: their primary identity is that of the team rather than their individual selves
What are the positives & negatives of teamwork (Dysfunctions)
Positives: More meaningful work, sharing of responsibility and challenges, learning from others, Motivation
Negatives: Personality clashes, reliance on less skilled members, Employees becoming unproductive
What is social loafing?
- Experiment conducted by (Latane 1979) to investigate whether people work harder in groups or individually
- Ask people as individuals and groups to shout loudly, then clap
- People were louder individually, when in groups they unconsciously tried less hard
Individuals invest effort into tasks in which they can be personally identified
What is social facilitation?
Developed by Triplett (1898):
-Tendency that individuals have to work harder when watched by others, especially on simple tasks
Eg. Cyclists pedalling in a track went faster in groups rather than alone. Going in groups increase performance
What is free riding?
An issue of teamwork, in which some members do not do their fair share of the work
What is Belbin’s (2010) team roles?
A good team needs all of these roles, every person has traits to fufill each role and has its strengths and weaknesses
Resource investigator (Outgoing, overoptimistic)
Teamworker Perceptive, indecisive
Cordinator Mature, manipulative
Monitor evaluator Strategic, overly critical
Specialist Single minded, dwells on technicalities
Shaper Challenging, offensive
Implementer Practical, Inflexible
Completer finisher Anxious, inclined to worry
What are group dynamics?
-Argues that groups have their own dynamic (Personality and patterns that exist independently of a single individual)
Patterns shape the way that group and individuals act
Groups work at two levels - Task level, (task group needs to complete) & Group processes (underlying way group behaves)
Unconscious group dynamic: 3 assumption that unconsciously protect group members from harm (Pairing, Flight/fight, dependency)
What is group conformity
When individuals behave in accordance to group norms in specific groups
What is the HPT theory (Katzenbach & smith)?
True teams are rare, most are in working groups (team magnifies impacts of individuals)
High performance teams -
Group
Interdependent
Committed to common approach
Group responsibility & high trust
Magnified (More than sum of parts)
To be HPT, group goes through 4 stages
Psuedo team - Have the need to be a team
Potential team - Try to improve performance, but needs greater clarity on purpose goals and approach
Real team - Becoming a small group with complementary skills and common purpose, improvement in productivity
