Chapter 8 - Penile pressures

Question 1

Techniques to obtain penile pressure

Answer 1

1) Photoplethysmography
2) pulse volume plethysmography
3) Continuous wave doppler

Question 2

Penile/brachial index ranges

Answer 2

Normal > 0.75
Marginal 0.65-0.74
Abnormal < 0.65

Question 3

Normal penile wave forms and abnormal ones

Answer 3

Normal: sharp systolic peak with dicrotic waves
Mildly abnormal: absent dicrotic wave, downslope bowed from baseline
Moderately abnormal: flattened systolic peak; upslope and downslope time decreased
Severely abnormal: low amplitude or absent wave

Question 4

Vasodilators used for penile pressure

Answer 4

Papaverine

Prostaglandin

Question 5

Measurements needed for penile study

Answer 5

1) peak systolic
2) end-diastolic
3) deep dorsal vein flow velocity
4) dimension of cavernous arteries

Question 6

Normal and abnormal peak systolic penile velocity

Answer 6

Normal > 30 cm/sec
Marginal 25-29 cm/sec
Reduced < 25 cm/sec

Question 7

Normal and abnormal end diastolic velocity

Answer 7

Normal < 3 cm/sec
Moderately increased 10-20 cm/sec
Markedly increased > 20 cm/sec

Question 8

Imaging diagnosis of varicocele

Answer 8

Reverse flow during valsalva