Chapter 8 - Pathophysiology Flashcards
Glycolysis
When glucose crosses the cell membrane and gets broken down into pyruvic acid molecules. Occurs in the fluid portion of the cell and doesn’t require oxygen.
Hydrostatic Pressure
Force inside the vessel or capillary bed being generated by the contraction of the heart and the blood pressure.
Irritant Receptors
Found in the airway and are sensitive to irritating gases, aerosols, and particles.
J-Receptors
Found in the alveoli near the surrounding capillaries and are sensitive to increases in pressure in the capillary.
Larynx
Structure that contains the vocal chords and is lined by mucous a mucous membrane.
Laryngeal Spasm
An obstruction of the airway that is caused by the vocal chords spasm and close together, which prevents air from passing through into the trachea.
Microcirculation
Flow of blood through the smallest blood vessels - arterioles, capillaries, and veins.
Minute Ventilation
Also known as minute volume, is the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute. Determined by multiplying the Tidal Volume by the frequency of ventilation in one minute.
Nasopharynx
Portion of airway from the nostrils to the soft palate.
Oropharynx
From mouth and soft palate to the epiglottis.
Oxyhemoglobin
When the hemoglobin has oxygen
Patent Airway
One that is not obstructed.
Perfusion
Delivery of oxygen, glucose, and other substances to the cells and the elimination of waste products from the cells.
Peripheral Chemoreceptors
Located in the aortic arch and the carotid bodies of the neck. Sensitive to CO2 and pH but mostly sensitive to oxygen in arterial blood.
Basically the gatekeeper/fact checker of the arteries.
Plasma Oncotic Pressure
Colloid Oncotic/Oncotic Pressure. Responsible for keeping fluid inside the vessels. Exerts a pull inside the vessel.
Pontine Respiratory Center
AKA Pneumotaxic center. Sends inhibitory impulses to ventral respiratory groups to turn off inhalation.
Preload
Pressure generated in the left ventricle at the end of diastole (resting phase of cardiac cycle.) determined by available venous blood.
Respiratory Control Centers
Three within the brainstem. Dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiration, and pontine respiratory.
Stretch Receptors
Found in the smooth muscle of the airways and measure the size and volume of the lungs. Stimulate a decrease in the rate and volume of ventilation when stretched by high tidal volumes to protect the lungs from over inflating.
Stroke Volume
Volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each contraction.
Systemic Vascular Resistance
Resistance that is offered to blood flow through a vessel.
Tidal Volume
Amount of air intake.
Trachea
Entered through the larynx, extends downwards and bifurcated at the carina.
Ventilation
Mechanical process that relies on changes in pressure inside the thorax to move air in and out of the lungs.
