Chapter 8 Pathologic Conditions, Clincal Tests, And Procedures

Question 1

Abortion

Answer 1

Premature ending of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is able to exist on its own

Question 2

Abruptio placentae

Answer 2

Premature detachment of the placenta from its place in the uterine wall.

Question 3

Apgar score

Answer 3

System of scoring an infant’s physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.

Question 4

Aspiration

Answer 4

Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction.

Question 5

Carcinoma in situ

Answer 5

Cancerous tumor that is localized and has not spread either to nearby tissue or through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.

Question 6

Carcinoma of the breast

Answer 6

Malignant tumor of breast tissue; breast cancer

Question 7

Carcinoma of the cervix

Answer 7

Malignant cells within the cervix (lower portion of the uterus)

Question 8

Carcinoma of the endometrium

Answer 8

Malignant tumor of the uterus (endometrium)

Question 9

Cauterization

Answer 9

Destruction of tissue by burning

Question 10

Cervical dysplasia

Answer 10

Abnormal cells in the cervix (lower, neck-like region of the uterus)

Question 11

Cervicitis

Answer 11

Inflammation of the cervix

Question 12

Cesarean section

Answer 12

Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus.

Question 13

Chorionic villus sampling

Answer 13

Sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis

Question 14

Colposcopy

Answer 14

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix using an instrument called colposcope

Question 15

Conization

Answer 15

Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix.

Question 16

Cyrosurgery (Also called cryocauterization)

Answer 16

Use of freezing cold temperature to burn and destroy tissue.

Question 17

Culdocentesis

Answer 17

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the cul-de-sac.

Question 18

Dermoid cyst

Answer 18

Ovarian cysts lined with a variety of cell types (hair, skin, teeth)

Question 19

Dilatation

Answer 19

Widening and enlargement of a hollow organ

Question 20

Dilation and curettage

Answer 20

Widening (dilation) of the cervix and scraping the endometrial lining of the uterus.

Question 21

Down Syndrome

Answer 21

A congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome. Trisomy 21.

Question 22

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 22

Implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than in the uterus.

Question 23

Endometriosis

Answer 23

Endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus

Question 24

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 24

Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by a blood group incompatibility (Rh factor between the mother and fetus)

Question 25

Extenteration

Answer 25

Removal of internal organs. Pelvic exenteration is removal of ovaries, uterus, Fallopian tubes, vagina and section of the intestines.

Question 26

Fetal Monitoring

Answer 26

Continuous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor.

Question 27

Fibrocystic breast disease

Answer 27

Presence of small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast.

Question 28

Fibroids

Answer 28

Benign tumors of fibrous and muscular tissue in the uterus; leiomyomas

Question 29

Hyaline membrane disease

Answer 29

Acute lung disease in premature infants; respiratory distress disease syndrome of the newborn

Question 30

Hydrocephalus

Answer 30

Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain; in infants, the condition causes enlargement of the head.

Question 31

Hysterosalpingography

Answer 31

X-ray recording of the uterus and Fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material.

Question 32

In vitro fertilization

Answer 32

Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization. Fertilized ova are then implanted into the uterus through the cervix.

Question 33

Laparoscopy

Answer 33

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope

Question 34

Leiomyomas

Answer 34

Benign tumors of the uterus; fibroids

Question 35

Mammography

Answer 35

X-ray imaging of the breast.

Question 36

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer 36

Abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stools) by a fetus or newborn

Question 37

Ovarian carcinoma

Answer 37

Malignant tumor of the ovary; ovarian adenocarcinoma

Question 38

Ovarian cyst

Answer 38

Sacs of fluid within or on the ovaries

Question 39

Palpation

Answer 39

Process of examining by using hands or fingers on the outside of the body.

Question 40

Pap smear, or Pap test

Answer 40

Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix

Question 41

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 41

• Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region

- Includes salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, and endocervicitis

Question 42

Pelvic ultrasonography

Answer 42

Recording images of sound waves as they bounce off the organism in the pelvic region.

Question 43

Placenta previa

Answer 43

Placental implantation over the cervical opening or in the lower region of uterine wall.

Question 44

Preeclampsia

Answer 44

Abnormal condition of pregnancy marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema.

Question 45

Pyloric Stenosis

Answer 45

Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum in a newborn

Question 46

Respiratory distress

Answer 46

Abnormal condition in infants when a protein (surfactant) syndrome is missing in the lung tissues. Infants have difficult respiratory function; hyaline membrane disease

Question 47

Tubal ligation

Answer 47

Tying off of the Fallopian tubes to make a woman incapable of reproduction; sterilization of a female

Question 48

Multiple gestation

Answer 48

More than one fetus inside the uterus

Question 49

Pregnancy Test

Answer 49

Blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG