Chapter 8- organic chemistry Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons?
Organic compounds made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms which dispersion forces hold together
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds whereas unsaturated contain double or triple bonds
What are all Alkanes?
Hydrocarbons with only single bonds between the carbon atoms. They have the formula CnH2n+2
What are the first 10 prefixes?
Meth Eth Prop But Pent Hex Heat Oct Non Dec
What are alkenes?
Hydrocarbons containing one double bond between two carbon atoms. It has the formula CnH2n
What are Alkynes?
Hydrocarbons containing one triple bond between two carbon atoms. It’s formula is CnH2n -2.
What are isomers?
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms, a bond, or an atoms that gives a molecule its specific properties.
What define alcohols?
They contain one or more hydroxy (-OH)
What define carboxylic acids?
They contain a carboxy group
(-COOH) at the end of the chain
What are esters?
They form when alcohols react with carboxylic acids. They are named by changing the alcohol to alkyl and replacing the ending of the name with oate.
What are the three main groups of fossil fuels?
Natural gas
Petroleum
Coal
How is petroleum separated?
Through fractional distillation which separates the components according to boiling points.
