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Chemistry > Chapter 8 - Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Addition Reaction

A

A chemical reaction in which a group of atoms is added to an existing molecule, such as a halogen molecule being added to an alkene.

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2
Q

Alcohol

A

A homologous series with the hydroxyl functional group (-OH), denoted by the suffix ‘ol’. Have higher boiling points than alkanes, due to the presence of hydrogen bonds. Smaller chains are soluable in water. E.g. butan-1-ol.

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3
Q

Alkane

A

A saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH(2n+2), denoted by the suffix ‘ane’. Non-polar and generally unreactive, expect for combustion. E.g. butane.

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4
Q

Alkene

A

An unsaturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n. Contain a single carbon double bond, which allows for them to undergo addition reactions. E.g. but-1-ene. Note: methene doesn’t exist!

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5
Q

Alkyl Group

A

Methyl. CH3.

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6
Q

Branch

A

A methyl group attached to a carbon atom in the middle of a chain.

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7
Q

Bioethanol

A

Ethanol (C2H5OH) produced from the fermentation of glucose in plants.

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8
Q

Carboxyl Group

A

The functional group in carboxylic acids. COOH-

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9
Q

Carboxylate Ion

A

COOH-

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10
Q

Carboxylic Acid

A

A homologous series with the carboxyl functional group (COOH-), denoted by the suffix ‘oic acid’. Act as weak acids, and are commonly found in food and insect venom. E.g. Ethanoic acid.

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11
Q

Chemical Property

A

The properties of an element determined by intramolecular forces, such as the strength of bonds or polarity within the molecule.

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12
Q

Physical Property

A

The properties of an element determined by intermolecular forces such as boiling point and solubility.

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13
Q

Combustion

A

An exothermic reaction between a fuel and oxygen.

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14
Q

Combustion Formula

A

Fuel + Oxygen → Water + Carbon Dioxide

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15
Q

Complete Combustion

A

When there is no left over carbon in a combustion reaction.

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16
Q

Condensed Structural Formula

A

A formula that shows the structure of the molecule, but not the bonds or the shape. E.g. CH3CH2CH3

17
Q

Crude Oil

A

A fossil fuel formed from the remains of dead animals and plants, which have been buried for millions of years.

18
Q

Dimer

A

Two identical molecules that are bonded together, such as between ethanoic acid.

19
Q

Fractional Distillation

A

The separation of a liquid mixture into fractions (different carbon chain lengths) by heating and cooling.

20
Q

Functional Group

A

An atom or group of atoms that are reactive in a molecule. E.g. hydroxyl group

21
Q

Haloalkane

A

A homologous series with a halogen atom (group 17) replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane. Denoted by the prefix ‘fluoro’, ‘chloro’, ‘bromo’ or ‘iodo’.

22
Q

Homologous Series

A

A sequence of compounds or molecules with similar chemical properties and the same general formula. Alkanes, alkenes, haloalkanes, alcohols and carboxylic acids.

23
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A molecule containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

24
Q

Hydroxyl Group

A

The functional group in alcohols. -OH

25
Q

Incomplete Combustion

A

When there is an insufficient supply of oxygen during a combustion reaction, resulting in left over carbon in the form of soot.

26
Q

Locant

A

A number used in IUPAC nomenclature which indicates the position of a functional group in a molecule. E.g. but-1-ene.

27
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

The chemistry of carbon.

28
Q

Organic Compound

A

A compound containing carbon atoms.

29
Q

Photosynthesis

A

A chemical reaction used by plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

30
Q

Plant-Sourced Biomass

A

A sustainable renewable alternative to fossil fuels, which sources carbon-material from plants.

31
Q

Structural Isomer

A

A molecule that has the same molecular formula but different structural formula to another. I.e. a different structure of the same molecule. E.g. 3-methylpentane vs 2-methylpentane

32
Q

Terminal Carbon

A

The carbon at the end of a chain.

33
Q

Fossil Fuel

A

A non-renewable resource formed from the remains of dead animals and plants, which have been buried for millions of years. E.g. crude oil.

34
Q

Fraction

A

A range of hydrocarbons with similar molecular masses and boiling points. E.g. C1 - C4.

35
Q

Saturated

A

A carbon atom that only has single bonds surrounding it, such as in an alkane.

36
Q

Unsaturated

A

A carbon atom that has a double or triple bond attached to it, such as in alkenes.

37
Q

Fermentation

A

The chemical breakdown of a molecule, such as glucose, by bacteria, yeasts or microorganisms.

Chemistry (15 decks)

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