Chapter 5 - Ionic Bonding Flashcards
Ionic Compound
Also known as a ‘salt’; a compound made up of a metal and a non-metal.
Octet Rule
A rule which states that atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in their outer shell, and try to lose/gain electrons to achieve this.
Crystalline Solid
A substance created from a regular lattice. Example: salt crystals.
Brittle
Hard, but breaks easily under stress.
Volatility
The measure of how easily something evaporates. Low volatility = doesn’t evaporate.
Properties of Ionic Compounds
Brittle, low volatility, high melting/boiling points, don’t conduct as solids, do conduct as liquids.
Polyatomic Ion
An ion made up of more than one type of element. For example: ammonium (NH4+)
Species
A set of chemically identical atoms or molecules. For example: H H H H H.
Aqueous (Aq)
A state of matter in which a substance is dissolved in water.
Ceramic
A hard and brittle ionic compound made of clay, used in pots or bowls.
Dissolve
The process of a solid or liquid solute being distributed evenly throughout a solvent, forming a solution.
Electrolyte
An ionic substance that can be dissolved, such as sodium chloride (NaCl).
Electrovalency
The overall electric charge on an atom. E.g. an atom that has gained 1 electron has a valency of 1-.
Ionic Bonding
Chemical bonding between a metal and a non-metal, such as sodium and chloride. Involves the metal atom donating an electron to the non-metal, forming ions with an electrostatic attraction between them; results in an ionic lattice.
Ionic Lattice
A regular arrangement of cations and anions, joined together by electrostatic attraction.
