Chapter 11 - Acids & Bases

Question 1

Accuracy

Answer 1

How close a measured value is to its actual value.

Question 2

Properties of Acids

Answer 2

• sour taste
• turn litmus paper red
• pH below 7
• corrosive
• conduct electricity in solution
• donate a proton

Question 3

Acidic Proton

Answer 3

The proton which is donated in an acid base reaction.

Question 4

Alkali

Answer 4

A base which dissolves in water, such as sodium hydroxide.

Question 5

Amphiprotic

Answer 5

A substance that can act as both an acid and base, such as water. (Note: contain H and have a non-bonding pair).

Question 6

Properties of Bases

Answer 6

• bitter taste
• turn litmus paper blue
• pH above 7
• caustic (and corrosive)
• conduct electricity in solution
• receives proton

Question 7

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

Answer 7

An acid base theory which states that an acid is a substance that donates a hydrogen ion, and a base is a substance that receives a hydrogen ion.

Question 8

Calcification

Answer 8

The process used by sea creatures to absorb calcium and carbonate ions in sea water to form calcium carbonate shells.

Question 9

Conjugate Base

Answer 9

An acid that has lost an H+ ion.

Question 10

Conjugate Acid

Answer 10

A base that can gained an H+ ion.

Question 11

Decalcification

Answer 11

The deterioration of sea creature shells due to lack of calcium, most likely caused by the increasing number of hydronium ions reacting with carbonate in seawater.

Question 12

Diprotic Acid

Answer 12

An acid that can donate 2 protons, in 2 reactions.

Question 13

Hydronium Ion

Answer 13

H₃O+

Question 14

Hydroxide Ion

Answer 14

OH-

Question 15

Indicator

Answer 15

A substance that changes colour in certain pHs. (e.g. red cabbage).

Question 16

Monoprotic Acid

Answer 16

An acid that can only donate 1 proton, such as HCl.

Question 17

pH

Answer 17

A logarithmic scale measuring the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution. (<7 is acidic; >7 is basic).

Question 18

Polyprotic Acid

Answer 18

An acid that can donate more than one proton, via multistage reactions.

Question 19

Precision

Answer 19

How closely a set of measurements agree with each other. (e.g. 21.95, 21.96, 21.93).

Question 20

Tripotic Acid

Answer 20

An acid that can donate 3 protons, in 3 reactions.

Question 21

Strong Acids

Answer 21

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Sulfuric Acid (H₂CO₃)
Nitric Acid (HNO₃)

Question 22

Weak Acids

Answer 22

Ethanoic Acid (CH₃COOH)
Carbonic Acid (H₂CO₃)
Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)

Question 23

Strong Bases

Answer 23

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)
Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)

Question 24

Weak Bases

Answer 24

Ammonia (NH₃)

Question 25

Acid + Metal Hydroxide Formula

Answer 25

Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Salt + Water

Question 26

Neutralisation Reaction

Answer 26

The reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of a salt, water, and a neutral pH (sometimes).

Question 27

Acid + Metal Carbonate Formula

Answer 27

Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Question 28

Acid + Metal Hydrogen Carbonate Formula

Answer 28

Acid + Metal Hydrogen Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Question 29

Acid + Metal Formula

Answer 29

Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen Gas

Question 30

Self Ionisation of Water

Answer 30

The slight reaction water has with itself, due to its ability to act as both an acid and a base.

Question 31

Acidity

Answer 31

The measure of the concentration (in molar) of hydronium ions present in a solution.

Question 32

Ionic Product of Water

Answer 32

[OH-][H₃O+] = 1.0 x 10^-14 (at 25°C)