Chapter 8 Offensive Operations

Question 1

The objective of an offensive fire attack is to do what?

Answer 1

Apply enough water directly to the burning fuel to achieve extinguishment

Question 2

Extinguishment provides what three things?

Answer 2

A safer work environment for FFs
Facilitating rescues
Reducing property damage

Question 3

What method is probably the most commonly used method of determining flow rate?

Answer 3

The trial-and-error method

Question 4

What is the Royer/Nelson Formula for GPM calculations?

Answer 4

V/100 = GPM (V = L x W x H)

Question 5

What is the National Fire Academy Formula for GPM calculations?

Answer 5

A/3 = GPM (A = L x W)

Question 6

The Royer/Nelson formula believes that the fuel load and fire type are not as important as the room volume because fires are what?

Answer 6

Ventilation controlled.

Question 7

The Royer/Nelson formula will be valid for most fires where what is advisable?

Answer 7

An interior attack

Question 8

Rate of flow calculations are used to determine what two aspects of fighting fire for an interior attack?

Answer 8

1. Whether the fire is beyond the capacity of the standard attack
2. How many and what size hose lines are needed

Question 9

Royer and Nelson recognized that the V/100 rate of flow formula is primarily a what?

Answer 9

Planning tool

Question 10

What do both the Royer/Nelson and Fire Academy formulas ignore?

Answer 10

Fuel load
Fuel type

Question 11

What calculation may prove useful in preincident planning?

Answer 11

Sprinkler System calculations

Question 12

The National Fire Academy rate of flow formula is based on the ________________ rather than the volume of the enclosure.

Answer 12

area of involvement

Question 13

During the ignition phase, most fires can be controlled with how many GPM?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

This text recommends the ________ for preincident planning.

Answer 14

V/100

Question 15

If the A/3 calculation is used at the incident scene, how should it be modified?

Answer 15

Using a percentage involvement modifier

Question 16

A valid assumption for a sprinkler system but not for manual firefighting is what?

Answer 16

The assumption that a sprinkler system will operate early in the fire to limit fire extension.

Question 17

Sprinkler flow densities should be applied to the entire compartment when used to determine what?

Answer 17

Rate of flow using hose lines

Question 18

When the average hose lay exceeds _________ it would be wise to use 2-in or larger preconnected lines to compensate for the additional friction loss.

Answer 18

250 ft

Question 19

V/100 is based on extinguishment within how long?

Answer 19

30 seconds.

Question 20

Flow rates will vary based on what?

Answer 20

1. Nozzle pressure
2. pump discharge
3. length of the hose lay

Question 21

Some examples where softening the target may NOT be applicable include:

Answer 21

1. A fire that is inaccessible from the outside at ground level
2. A compartmented area with no outside access point
3. A small fire that fails to gain intensity

Question 22

In the absence of visible fire or heavy and/or pushing smoke conditions, what does not apply?

Answer 22

the soften the target tactic

Question 23

Class A fuels must be vaporized by heating the solid materials until combustible vapors are emitted. This process is known as?

Answer 23

Pyrolysis

Question 24

What are some factors in evaluating the need to defend nearby buildings with additional hose lines?

Answer 24

1. Life hazard in the exposure
2. Proximity to the fire building
3. Wind direction
4. Height of the exposure compared to the level of fire in the fire building
5. Hazard presented by the exposed occupancy

Question 25

What is the FIRST consideration for protecting an exposure?

Answer 25

The threat to human life.

Question 26

What is the defined purpose of a backup hose line?

Answer 26

Provide flow in addition to what is needed to extinguish the fire, thus providing a measure of protection for FFs combating the fire.

Question 27

What are the only two reasons it is sometimes necessary to place another pumper in a large-diameter hose water supply layout?

Answer 27

1. Where flows in excess of 1000PGM are anticipated from a single pumper
2. For extremely long relay lines (over 700 ft)

Question 28

Horizontal and vertical ventilation should be _______________.

Answer 28

1. Timed
2. Reversible if possible

Question 29

Which venting tactic is NOT considered an offensive tactic?

Answer 29

The trench cut

Question 30

How much faster did a four-person crew complete the primary search in relation to a two-person crew?

Answer 30

30%

Question 31

Friction loss in the hose varies by

Answer 31

1. Size
2. Hose type
3. Manufacturer
4. Age.
5. And condition.