Chapter 8 Networking And Digital Communication Flashcards
What is a computer network?
A system of two or more computers linked together and each impute is called a node it has 3 essential components:
1) Hardware
2) Software
3) People
There are four types of networks:
1) Wide area network (WAN, extends on a large physical distance, like the internet which is the largest WAN, each LAN is a node on the WAN)
2) Metropolitan area network (MAN, large network designed for a whole city)
3) Local area network (LAN, where computers are physically close to each other “Computer labs” every single node has is unique adress)
4) Personal area network (PAN, networks used for communications between devices of one person like Bluetooth headphone and your phone)
What is a bandwidth (Network speed)?
1) Quantity of data transmitted per second (Kbs, Mbps, Gbps), depends on the transmission media (copper wire or fiber optic where 1 fiber optic can replace 10,000 copper telephone cables), & on the amount of traffic on the network
What are the network components?
1) Network interface card (for each node on a network to communicate with other nodes, there is wireless and wired)
2) Routers (Hardware devices or software programs that routes messages as they travel between networks, it connects two or more networks together)
3) Switches/Hubs (allows any node on the network to communicate with any other node)
What are the networking models?
1) Client/server model (one or more computers act as a dedicated server while the rest are clients)
2) Peer-to-peer model (every computer on this network is both a client and a server, it is faster, no single failure point, all Downloader are also uploaders)
What is the networking softwares?
1) network operating system (NOS) available on servers handling communication requests from multiple clients
What are the communication protocols?
Rules that allows 2 or more entities to transmit information, it is also required for data exchange if someone is talking at 200Kbps and the other is listening at 100Kbp the message wont get through.
Example is TCP/IP which controls the exchange of data between computers on the internet (HTTP, FTP, DHCP, DNS) via breaking the information into smaller pieces called packets
What are the type of connections?
1) Modem connection (transmission through telephone lines, conversion at both ends, speed 56.6Kbps)
2) Broadband connection (has a greater bandwidth than modems)
The types are:
1) DSL (digital subscriber line, telephone lines)
2) Cable modems (uses fast TV cables)
3) Satellite connections (uses TV dishes)
4) Optical fibers (Sea cables)
What is meant by a wireless network?
A computer network that uses wireless data connections between nodes, like WAN, Cell phone networks, Wireless sensor network, (technology standards are WI-FI, WI-Max, Infrared, Bluetooth, 3G 2000KKbps, 4G 100,000kbs, 5G1Gbps)
What is a WI-FI?
- fastest growing wireless technology
- uses radio waves to link computers
- allows peer to peer communication
- affected by objects blocking the signal, Antenna placement, other wireless devices on the same area
- bandwidth are 600-9608 for WI-FI6, 433-6933 for WI-FI5, 72-600Mbs for WI-FI4
What is a Wi-Max?
A radio based technology, with a family of wireless broadband communication standards, a single tower can provide access to 25 square mile area
What is a Bluetooth?
Wireless technology standard for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances, designed to quickly and automatically connect devices, uses low power, low cost transmission over 10-100 meters
What is meant by tethering?
Cabling a laptop to a mobile to get internet connection
What is a mobile hotspot?
Tethering done over a WI-FI where the internet connected device acts as a portable wireless access point (WAP)
What are the measures that helps in securing our communication?
1) setup a password
2) use encryption and wireless security protocols
-WEP wired equivalent privacy (lowest protection)
- WPA (WI-FI protected access)
-WPA2 (WI-FI protected access version 2 (most secure))
What are the advantages of networks?
1) shares computer hardware resources
2) shares data and software programs
3) enables people to work, play and communicate together
What is meant by the internet of things IOT?
Emerged due to real-timeanalytics,machine learning, sensors, automation andembedded systems.
The interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data
Applications:
Smart Home
Smart Cities
Challenges:
Security
Privacy
Massive amounts of Data
What are the types of specialized networks?
1) blockchain:
A system in which a record of transactions are maintained across several computers that are linked in a peer-to-peer network. verified by network nodes and recorded in a public ledger.
Applications:Cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum), Is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptography to secure financial transactions.
What is meant by interpersonal computing?
- Human-to-human digital communication, Users spend around 70% of connected time on the internet to communicate with other users
Applications:
Emails
Chatting
Blogging
Video teleconferencing
Computer Telephony
Social Networking
Information Sharing
What is meant by online communication?
It allows people to interact while being physically located at different places.
Synchronous communication:
- Real time communication between all parties
- Instant messaging (IM), Audio conferencing, & video conferencing
Asynchronous communication:
- Poster and reader don’t have to be logged in simultaneously
- Emails, Newsgroup, Forums
- Text messaging using SMS technology
What are the different types of blogging?
1) Blogs (Web log)
2 Micro blogs (posting small pieces of digital content like texts, pictures, links, short videos)
3) Video blood (Vlog)
What are the issues of social networking?
Pros:
1) easily accessible
2) inexpensive
3) informed & connected
Cons:
1) privacy
2) oversharing (information overload)
3) addiction at the expense of personal relationships
How can a community collaborate over the network?
Crowdsourcing: using the internet and the intelligence of the crowd to accomplish a task or solve a problem for the benefit of all
Different forms:
Crowdsolving: a collaborative, yet holistic way of solving a problem using many people
Crowdfunding: the collection of funds from the crowd to sponsor a project, e.g. Kickstarter, gofundme, indiegogo
Non commercial work, e.g. Anyone can contribute to it, Wikipedia
What are the different ways used to share resources?
1) Peer-to-Peer:
File sharing without posting on central server (music), e.g. torrents
2) Grid Computing:
Sharing processing power rather than data
3) Cloud Computing:
Resources come from the internet
What are some of the survival tips online?
1) Maximize work by system
2) Store Names in Address book
3) Don’t share emails/ passwords
4) Don’t display privacy matters
5) Don’t open suspicious mails
6) Don’t open suspicious links (phishing)
7) Keep your system up to date
8) Cross check online information
9) Beware of fake stories circulating
10) Avoid information overload
