Chapter 1

Question 1

What is information technology?

Answer 1

It refers to the entire world technologies which are integrated to deliver a service for humanity, it is the application of computing devices to relate, store, manipulate & exchange data

Question 2

What was the Evolution of computing devices?

Answer 2

1) Generation0 (mechanical computers, 1815)

2) first generation computers (1939-1955, used vaccum tubes, developed during the war)

3) second generation (1956-1963, used transistors)

4) Third generation computers (1964-1970, used integrated circuits)

5) Fourth generation computers (1971-now, uses microprocessors)

Question 3

What are the types of computing devices?

Answer 3

1) institutional computing (1950, for corporate and government)

2) personal computing (1975, schools & homes)

3) interpersonal computing (1995, network connected PC’s and internet)

4) collaborative computing (2005, smartphones, web2.0 which encourages collaboration & contribution)

Question 4

What is the internet?

Answer 4

A network of connected machines, it transmits and support a wide variety of contents, it was developed in 1960, used mainly for research till 1980, WWW. Was developed in 1990

Question 5

What are the future developments?

Answer 5

1) flying super cars

2) high speed internet in remote areas

Question 6

Why does technology matter?

Answer 6

Because it is a way to make an impact beyond our own life and accelerating the changes around the world as it became a necessity now a days

Question 7

What are the advantages of IT?

Answer 7

1) make us more productive

2) saves time and effort

3) allow us to create new things

4) saves lives

5) easier communication

Question 8

What are the impacts of technology?

Answer 8

1) health impact

2) environmental impacts

3) educational impact

4) impact on science

5) impact on engineering

Question 9

What is meant by computer literacy?

Answer 9

1) understanding the capabilities and limitation of computers

2) knowing how to use computers safely and efficiently

3) avoid falling to hackers

4) protection from identity theft

5) use the web efficiently

Question 10

Who is Charles Babbage?

Answer 10

Created the first mechanical computer in 1815

Question 11

Give some Examples of first generation computers

Answer 11

1) Z1 by Kunard Zuse (Germany)

2) Colossus by Alan Turing (UK)

3) Mark 1 by Howard Aiken (USA)

They were big and clumsy, high electricity consumption, & high failure rate

Question 12

What are the characteristics of the second generation computers?

Answer 12

Faster than first generation

Filled half room

Used punched cards for input and output

Question 13

What are the characteristics of third generation computers?

Answer 13

• increased reliability
• smaller size
• higher speed
• higher efficiency
• lower cost

Question 14

How many transistors do we have in todays microprocessors?

Answer 14

> 290million

Question 15

What are embedded systems?

Answer 15

Computers which are operated by a firmware as a combination of memory and program code that cannot be altere by users like:

1) traffic lights

2) electronic consumer products

3) heart rate monitors

4) alarms & domestic security

Question 16

What is a server?

Answer 16

They are central computers that provide services to other PC’s over the network which has:

1) faster processing power

2) serves multiple clients simultaneously

3) large memory and storing capacity

4) connected via high speed network connection

Question 17

What is a super computer?

Answer 17

A high level computing computer consists of a groups of servers combined on one grid it is faster and much more powerful than a server, contains thousands of cores, has super speed measured in Tera flops per second, & thus used for

1) oil & gas explorations

2 weather forecast and climate change

3) nuclear fusion