Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Body > Chapter 8- Muscles > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

walls of hollowed organs, vessels, respiratory passageways, tapered at each end, branching networks, non striated, involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

wall of heart, intercalated disks, involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

attached to bones, long and cylindrical, multinucleated, heavily striated, voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of Muscular System

A

Skeletal Movement
Posture Maintenance
Heat Generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Muscle Tone

A

steady partial contraction of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endomysium

A

Single muscle fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fascicle

A

group of fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Perimysium

A

wrapped around fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epimysium

A

around groups of fascicles or whole muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tendons

A

attach muscle to bone, fascia extended out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Motor Impulses

A

impulses traveling away from the CNS towards the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Motor Unit

A

a single neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Small motor units

A

fine movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Large motor units

A

broad movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

A

(Synapse) where single nerve cell meets muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Motor neuron

A

Releases neurotransmitter (ACh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acetylcholine

A

diffuses across synaptic cleft, and attach to ACh receptors on motor end plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

NMJ

A

allows motor neuron to stimulate muscle fiber to become electrically excited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Action potential

A

stimulates muscle contraction, potential for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Excitability

A

ability to transmit electrical current along the plasma membrane (action potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Contractibility

A

ability to undergo shortening to change in shape becoming thicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sarcomere

A

contracting subunit, via sliding filament mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Myosin

A

thick filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Actin

A

thin filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Regulatory Proteins

A

troponin, tropomyosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Calcium

A

regulates sarcomeric contraction within the muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Muscle contraction

A

requires ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Anerobic glycolosis

A

build up of lactic acid and oxygen debt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Partial muscle contraction

A

muscle tone or tonus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Istonic

A

no change in tension
muscle length shortens
movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Isometric

A

great increase in tension
muscle length unchanged
no movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Aponeurosis

A

may attach muscle to bone or other muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Origin

A

attached to the more fixed part of the skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Insertion

A

attached to the more moveable part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Prime mover

A

performs the movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Antagonist

A

produces an opposite movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Synergist

A

“helps” or works with prime mover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Lever

A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Fulcrum

A

joint

40
Q

Force

A

applied by muscle

41
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

encircles eyelid, closes eye

42
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

posterior orbit to upper eyelid, opens eye

43
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

encircles mouth, closes lips

44
Q

Buccinator

A

fleshy part of cheek, flattens cheek; helps in eating whistling, and blowing wind instruments (trumpeters)

45
Q

Temporalis

A

above and near ear, closes jaw

46
Q

Masseter

A

at angle of jaw, closes jaw

47
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

along lateral neck, to mastoid process, flexes head; rotates head toward opposite side from muscle

48
Q

Trapezius

A

posterior neck and upper back to clavicle and scapula; raises shoulder and pulls it back, superior portion extends and turns head

49
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

middle and lower back, to humerus; flexes and adducts arm

50
Q

Pectorals major

A

superior, anterior chest, to humerus; flexes and adducts arm

51
Q

Serratus anterior

A

inferior to axilla on lateral chest; moves shoulder forward; aids in raising arms, punching , or reaching forward

52
Q

Deltoid

A

covers shoulder joint, to lateral humerus; abducts arm; flexes and extends arm

53
Q

Biceps brachii

A

anterior arm along humerus, to radius; flexes forearm; supinates forearm and hand

54
Q

Brachialis

A

deep to biceps brachii, inserts at anterior elbow joint; forceful flexor of forearm

55
Q

Brachioradialis

A

lateral forearm from distal end of humerus; flexes forearm

56
Q

Triceps brachii

A

posterior arm, to ulna; extends forearm

57
Q

Flexor carpi group

A

anterior forearm, to hand; flexes hand

58
Q

Extensor carpi group

A

posterior forearm, to hand; extends hand

59
Q

Flexor digitorum group

A

anterior forearm to fingers; flexes fingers

60
Q

Extensor digitorum group

A

posterior forearm to fingers; extends fingers

61
Q

Diaphragm

A

dome-shaped partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities; dome descends to enlarge thoracic cavity from top to bottom

62
Q

Intercostals

A

between ribs; elevate ribs and enlarge thoracic cavity

63
Q

Internal oblique, external oblique, transversus abdominus, rectus abdominus

A

anterolateral abdominal wall; compress abdominal cavity and expel substances from the body, flex spinal column

64
Q

Levator ani

A

pelvic floor; aids defecation

65
Q

Erector spinae

A

group of deep vertical muscles between sacrum and skull, extends vertebral column to produces erect posture

66
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

superficial buttock, to femur; extends thigh

67
Q

Gluteus medius

A

deep buttock, to femur; abducts thigh

68
Q

Iliopsoas

A

crosses anterior hip joint, to femur; flexes thigh

69
Q

Adductor group

A

medial thigh, to femur; adducts thigh

70
Q

Sartorius

A

crosses anterior thigh from ilium to medial tibia; flexes thigh and leg (to sit cross-legged)

71
Q

Gracilis

A

pubic bone to medial surface of tibia; adducts thigh at hip; flexes

72
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

anterior thigh, to tibia; extends leg

73
Q

Hamstring group

A

posterior thigh, ischium and femur to tibia and fibula; flexes leg ad knee, extends and rotates thigh at hip

74
Q

Gastrocenemius

A

posterior leg, to calcaneus, inserting by achilles tendon; plantar flexes foot

75
Q

Soleus

A

posterior leg deep to gastrocenemius; plantar flexes foot

76
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

anterior and lateral leg, to foot; dorsiflexes and inverts foot

77
Q

Fibularis longus

A

lateral leg, to foot; everts foot

78
Q

Flexor digitorum group

A

posterior leg and foot to interior surface of phalanges; flexes toes

79
Q

Extensor digitorum group

A

anterior surface of leg bones to superior surface of phalanges; extends toes

80
Q

Spasm

A

sudden and involuntary contraction

81
Q

Colic

A

spasm of visceral muscle

82
Q

Seizure or Convulsion

A

spasms in series

83
Q

Cramps

A

strong, painful contractions

84
Q

Atrophy

A

wasting or decreasing in size

85
Q

Strains

A

overuse or over-stretching (charley horse)

86
Q

Sprains

A

tearing of ligaments around joint

87
Q

DOMS

A

delayed onset muscle soreness

88
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

life threatening due to serious over training

89
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

deterioration of muscles with intact nerve functions

90
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

chronic muscle fatigue brought on by slightest exertion, defect in transmission at NMJ

91
Q

Myalgia

A

muscle pain

92
Q

Myositis

A

inflammation of muscle tissue

93
Q

Fibrositis

A

inflammation of connective tissues associated with muscles and joints

94
Q

Tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendon

95
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

bottom of foot

96
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

synovial sheath enclosing tendon

97
Q

Shinsplints

A

tendinitis of tibialis anterior muscle

Human Body (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions