Chapter 8 Metabolism

Question 1

metabolic pathway

Answer 1

reactions that produce a product; pathway specific enzymes

Question 2

what are the two metabolic pathways

Answer 2

catabolic and anabolic

Question 3

Catabolic

Answer 3

breakdowns larger molecules/ releases energy

ex. cellular respiration

Question 4

Anabolic

Answer 4

builds up larger molecules/ requires energy

ex. photosynthesis

Question 5

explain potential energy

Answer 5

• the energy an object possesses based on its position
  -energy storage
  -the energy an object could potentially use

Question 6

how is energy stored?

Answer 6

chemical bonds, gravity, dams

Question 7

kinetic energy

Answer 7

the energy when an object is in motion

Question 8

relationship between potential and kinetic energy
-give examples

Answer 8

potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy and vice versa
ex. rollercoaster, stretched band, dam

Question 9

First and second law of thermodynamics

Answer 9

1st- energy cannot be created its either transferred or transformed
2nd- everytime energy is transferred it loses entropy, increasing disorderness in earth

Question 10

explain entropy

Answer 10

a measure of disorderness aka energy that is not able to be transferred

Question 11

relate the laws of thermodynamics to metabolism

Answer 11

the two laws are followed as metabolism increases entropy in the universe

Question 12

exergonic reaction

Answer 12

releasing energy/spontaneous

Question 13

endergonic reaction

Answer 13

requires energy/ not spontaneous

Question 14

free energy

Answer 14

the energy available to do work

Question 15

Energy coupling

Answer 15

using exergonic reactions (ex. hydrolysis) to drive endergonic reactions

Question 16

describe an enzyme

Answer 16

protein/ catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions

Question 17

how do enzymes functions

Answer 17

enzymes work by reducing the activation energy required for a reaction

Question 18

describe the interaction between enzymes and their substrates

Answer 18

enzymes bind to the specific substrate at their active site, forming enzyme substrate complexes

Question 19

what physical features affect the enzyme activity

Answer 19

temperature, pH and substrate concentration

Question 20

two basic ways enzyme activity can be regulated

Answer 20

pH and temperature

Question 21

describe how enzymes interact with their specific substrate molecule

Answer 21

enzymes have an active site where the substrate fits perfectly, facilitating the reaction.

Question 22

Explain feedback inhibition and how it works

Answer 22

end product of metabolic pathway inhibits a beginning enzyme, changing its shape and stopping that pathway. maintains homeostasis and metabolic activities

Question 23

what is an active site

Answer 23

the substrate specific site on the enzyme where catalysis occurs

Question 24

what is the allosteric site

Answer 24

where allosteric regulators can bind, changing the shape of the enzyme. this keeps the reactions controlled.

Question 25

how do enzymes affect energetic, timing and frequency of chemical reactions

Answer 25

lowers, speeds, and more

Question 26

competitive inhibitors

Answer 26

reduce productivity on enzymes by mimicking the shape of the substrate and blocking it *competing with the substrate*

Question 27

non-competitive inhibitor

Answer 27

bind to another part of the enzyme, impeding on the substrate by causing the enzyme to change its shape