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Psychology 104 > Chapter 8: Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Dissociable memory systems

A

There are memory systems independent of one another

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2
Q

Encoding

A

Translating information into neural code

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3
Q

Storage

A

Maintaining info

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4
Q

Retrieval

A

Pulling info out of storage

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5
Q

Iconic memory

A

Visual info that lasts for fractions of seconds

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6
Q

Echoic memory

A

Stores auditory info for 2 seconds

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of memory codes

A 
Visual encoding (mental images)
Phonological encoding (sounds)
Sematic encoding (meaning)
Motor encoding (movement)
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8
Q

Short term memory (STM)

A

Holding a limited amount of info for a short amount of time while we are consciously aware

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9
Q

Chunking

A

Associating items into larger units with meaning makes them easier to memorize

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10
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Simple repetition, Least effective

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11
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

Actively engaging and manipulating info, effective

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12
Q

STM vs WM

A

WM involves actively processing and manipulating short term info while STM is somewhat like a loading dock

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13
Q

What are the three components involved with WM

A

The central executive-Directs attention, controls flow of info
Visual-spatial sketchpad-Processes visually based info,
Phonological loop- Processes auditory info

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14
Q

Recency effect

A

Later items remembered better, most recent STM

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15
Q

Primacy effect

A

Earlier items remembered better, LTM

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16
Q

Automatic processing

A

Unintentional, requires minimal attention

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17
Q

Effortful processing

A

Intentional, needs effort

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18
Q

Depth of processing (DOP)

A

Structural-Does it have a vowel- least recognition
Phonemic-Does it rhyme- second most
Sematic-Does it make sense- most

19
Q

What are mnemonic devices and name 2

A

Memory aids such as acronyms and Method of Loci

20
Q

Dual coding theory

A

Learning two things so you can know one better

21
Q

Schemas

A

A template you use for comparison for how you perceive stimuli

22
Q

Expertise development

A

Being a professional that affects how schemas are developed

23
Q

Associated network

A

A network of related concepts, each concept being a node

24
Q

Spreading activation

A

When one node is being focused on, everything it is associated with become activated

25
Q

Priming

A

when you provide a stimulus similar to something your thinking about, you will likely relate the stimulus to that thing

26
Q

Encoding specificity principle

A

Memory enhanced when conditions of retrieval are the same as when it is encoded

27
Q

Context dependent memory

A

Easier to remember when its in the same environment as where its learnt

28
Q

Mood-congruent recall

A

Recalling events based on mood

29
Q

State-dependent memory

A

Easier to retrieve when internal state is better

30
Q

Relearning

A

Easier to relearn things

31
Q

Decay theory

A

Things are first forgotten in large portions, then slower

32
Q

What are two causes of forgetting

A

Not being able to encode

Not being able to retrieve from LTM

33
Q

Proactive interference

A

Previous info interferes with new info

34
Q

Retroactive interference

A

New info interferes with previous

35
Q

Flashbulb memories

A

Memories with high emotional value that seem extremely vivid but tend to not be accurate

36
Q

Misinformation effects

A

Errors in memory that are brought up by misleading info. Done by word choice

37
Q

Repression

A

Choosing to forget unfavored memories

38
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Memory loss of the past

39
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Memory loss of future events

40
Q

Dementia

A

Deficits in the brain caused by deterioration

41
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Both retrograde and anterograde amnesia, associated with increased amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and reduced acetylcholine

42
Q

Infantile amnesia

A

Losing memories from infantry

43
Q

Prospective memory

A

Memory telling you to perform actions in the future (remembering to go grocery shopping)

44
Q

Cryptoamnesia

A

Unconscious plagiarism of someone’s work due to lack of recognition of original source

Psychology 104 (9 decks)

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