Chapter 8- Math and Equal Opportunity Flashcards
Pro forma
financial projections
Property value is based on ability to generate income
Income=
means=yield=capital
Potential Gross Income
Total income from all possible sources on annual basis
TIMM- Operator expenses
Taxes-property
Insurance
Maintenance
Management
DIDI (Not expenses)
D-Debt Service (Principal Interest)
I- Income Taxes (Property Taxes Are)
D-Depreciation
I- Improvements- Pool, New roof, New Parking lot,
CAP Rate=
Risk number
Higher the CAP rate the higher the risk
Cap Rate includes
Return on investment:
Return on investment in the improvements
Return of investments in the improvements (opportunity cost, depreciation, ect)
Assumes an all cash purchase
A higher cap rate favors the buyer
A lower cap rate favors the seller.
What is good CAP rate
1.25 plus is good
For every dollar of debt a dollar of income.
1978 US Constitution
Allowed continuation of slavery
Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857
African decent not protected by constitution
XIII Amendment (1865)
Abolished Slavery
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Illegal to discriminate based on Race- was not defined and no penalty.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Allowed continuation of segregation - separate but equal.
Brown V. Board of Education (1954)
Abolished Slavery
Civil Rights Act Title VIII (1968)
Fair Housing Act Race Color Religion National Origin
Blockbusting
Fear or panicked selling - sell before they get here- glasses person.
Steering
Agent steers buyer to property where safer, happier, or better off.
Redlining
Do not accept loans or insurance based on other than economic qualifications-
3 groups that can discriminate
1) Private owner
2) Religious Organizations
3) Private Clubs
Private owner guidelines for discriminating
1) No more than 3 single family homes
2)No broker services used
3)No discriminatory advertising
4) Not a dealer
5Mrs. Murphys Boarding House Rule
Mrs. Murphys boarding house rule
Allowed to discriminate if in a 4-plex or less
Jones Vs Mayer
Bans racial discrimination
HOA rules discriminate they are uninforcable.
Fair Housing Act Amendment
Adds gender/sex, 1974
Changes to Title VIII (1988)
Added Familial Status and Handicapped
Familial Status
Any place you could live
Pregnant women is family
Per person, not per child
2 person per bedroom to be legal when renting
Housing for older person exception
62 YEARS-100% of occupants must be 62+
55 years- 80% 1 occupant in 80% in neighborhood
Facilities and services not longer required
Anyone can own
Handicap/Disability
Any limitation of life activity
1) Exception: Current alcohol or drug use-not recovery
2) Existing Structures Prior to 1988-dont have to change
3) Rights to modify-Can modify but have to pay and put back.
4) Landlord can require liscensed contractors
New construction for 1988 Fair housing
Accommodations- wider hallways ect
Parking- Have to provide parking-if none available, next in line.
Accessible to common areas-
Pets VS assistive animals
cannot charge assisted animals anything until they do damage.
RE Advertising logo Classified VS Display add
Classified- Text
Display Add- Need Logo
Fliers and promo material
logo
Internet advertizing
Logo on every page
Broker office
Must have HUD poster
Human models
May not be used to discriminate in social settings or demographics.
Regulator Agency of Fair Housing Act
HUD
HUD- Length of time to complain
1 year
HUD- Length of time to investigate
10 days
HUD- 1st fine
$16,000
Equal Credit Opportunity
ECOA-1974
Prohibits credit discrimination on Race, color, religion, national origin, gender, age, marital status, or dependency on public services
Protected by ECOA, but not protected classes
30 days to explain why loan denial
borrower can rebuttal
Title 1 ADA- Employment
Hiring and overseeing disabled employees
15 or more
You must make accomodations
Title lll Public Accommodations
Commercial- Mall, movie theater- Equal access to non disabled or disabled consumer
Agents duties to disclose
Penalties- $75,000-First offense, $150, 000 second
How does ADA differ from Fair Housing
ADA is public or Work
Fair Housing is housing
New home development- only office and public space
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
20 or more
Equal pay for men and women