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CHM 371 > Chapter 8- Lipids > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Common property amongst lipids

A

mostly hydrophobic

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2
Q

Lipids are soluble in _____

A

organic solvents (ex. chloroform and methanol)

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3
Q

Types of storage lipids

A
  1. Fatty Acids
  2. Triacylglycerols
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4
Q

Types of structural lipids

A
  1. Glycerophospholipids
  2. Sphingolipids
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5
Q

Types of structural and functional lipids

A

Steroids/ sterols

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6
Q

fatty acid composition:

A
  1. Carboxylic chain
  2. Long aliphatic chain
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7
Q

Why are fatty acids slightly water soluble?

A

COOH group

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8
Q

Which carbon is Carbon 1 on fatty acids?

A

Carboxyl carbon

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9
Q

Fatty acids are rarely found _____ and are usually found as _____

A

alone
part of other lipid molecules

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10
Q

Saturated= ____
Unsaturated= ______

A

NO double bonds
Double bonds

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11
Q

Monounsaturated means:
Polyunsaturated means:

A

Only 1 double bond
more than 1 double bond

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12
Q

Double bonds in lipids are almost always____

A

Cis

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13
Q

When naming saturated fatty acids in triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids, the suffix ____ is added to the name

A

-oyl (ex. Steric acid –> Steroyl)

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14
Q

When naming unsaturated fatty acids in triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids, the suffix ____ is added to the name

A

-oleoyl (ex. Linoleic acid —> Linoleoyl)

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15
Q

What determines the Tm of a fatty acid?

A

chain length
degree of unsaturation

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16
Q

Saturated fatty acids have a ____ Tm because___

A

high
they can pack very tightly due to no double bond bends and kinks, which increases intermolecular forces

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17
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids have a ____ Tm, because ____

A

low
the force kinks caused by DB’s cause a reduction in intermolecular forces

18
Q

The more double bonds in a fatty acid, the _____ the melting temp

A

Lower

19
Q

The longer the carbon chain in a fatty acid, the _____ the Tm

A

higher

20
Q

What is hydrogenation

A

converting cis DB into single bonds which results in a higher Tm

21
Q

What is partial hydrogenation?

A

converting cis DB to trans-DB

22
Q

The simplest lipids constructed from fatty acids are ____

A

Triacylglycerols

23
Q

Triacylglycerols are made of

A

3 fatty acids in ester linkage with a single glycerol

24
Q

Triacylglycerol is ______ and water- ______

A

nonpolar
insoluble

25
Q

Simple triacylglycerols contain

A

one type of fatty acid

26
Q

Mixed triacylglycerols contain

A

two or three different fatty acids

27
Q

Adipocytes (fat cells) are specialized for ____

A

synthesis and storage of triacylglycerols

28
Q

Advantages of triacylglycerols vs sugars

A
  1. more reduced than carbs (release more E)
  2. Hydrophobic (less weight to carry)
29
Q

The longer the hydrocarbon chain =

A

the more acetyl-coA it can store

30
Q

Membrane lipids are ____

A

amphipathic
- hydrophobic interactions with each other
- hydrophilic interaction w water

31
Q

3 classes of structural lipids

A
  • glycerophospholipids
  • sphingolipids
  • sterols
32
Q

____ are the major lipid components of biological membranes

A

Glycerophospholipids

33
Q

glycerophospholipids consist of :

A
  1. glycerol-3-phosphate
  2. fatty acids at C1 and C2 linked by esters
  3. Polar group joined to glycerol through a phosphodiester bond
34
Q

2 parts of glycerophospholipids:

A
  • polar head group
  • lipid tail
35
Q

glycerophospholipids are described by their _____ group

A

head

36
Q

glycerophospholipids are named by __

A

naming the chains and the head group

37
Q

Sphingolipids contain _____ but no ____

A

polar head + two hydrophobic tails
glycerol

38
Q

Basic building unit of terpenes

A

isoprene

39
Q

steroids and sterols are _____ derivatives

A

isoprene

40
Q

Sterols share the ________ and it is _____

A

sterol nucleus
rigid and almost planar

41
Q

most abundant steroid in animals

A

cholesterol

42
Q

cholesterol is weakly _____ due to the ______ on C-3

A

amphipathic
polar OH

CHM 371 (21 decks)

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