Chapter 8 Learning Objectives

Question 1

Exocrine

Answer 1

epithelial growth remains connected to epithelial layer which it originated
Salivary, sebaceous, liver, pancreas, mammary glands, sweat glands

Question 2

Endocrine

Answer 2

epithelial down growth may degenerate, leaving secretory tissue isolated from its parent epithelial layer – secretes hormone into surrounding blood vessels
Lack ducts
Pituitary, thyroid, pineal, parathyroids, adrenals, gonads, liver and pancreas

Question 3

Paracrine

Answer 3

Secretion affects neighboring cells (growth factors)

Question 4

Autocrine

Answer 4

Secretion affects the cell that released the secretory product

Question 5

Classification of glands Based on shape of secretory portion:

Answer 5

Tubular
Straight: crypts of lieburkuhn in large intestine
Coiled: sweat glands
Branched: fundic, pyloric, cardiac glands of stomach

Alveolar (acinar)
Meibomian glands of eyelid
Sebaceous glands of skin

Tubuloalveolar (acinar)
Salivary glands
Brunner’s glands of duodenum
Mucous glands of esophagus

Question 6

Merocrine

Answer 6

Secretory product is typically stored in membrane-bound vesicles, and cytoplasm/cell membrane is retrieved in an exocytosis/edocytosis cycle
Includes most glands

Question 7

Apocrine

Answer 7

Apical cytoplasm is released along with secretory product

Question 8

Holocrine

Answer 8

Entire cell is released as part of secretory product - sebaceous glands

Question 9

Submandibular gland

Answer 9

Both serous and mucous cells
Serous cells form serous demilune capping mucous acini
Myoepithelial cells surround acini

Question 10

Sublingual Gland

Answer 10

Mucous acini (pale in appearance [PAS+])
Flattened nuclei at basal poles of cells
Myoepithelial cells surround acini

Question 11

Parotid gland

Answer 11

Serous acini
Apical regions contain zymogen granules
RER predominates basal regions of secretory cells