Chapter 8: Iconic Compounds: Names and Formulas Flashcards
What are polyatomic ions?
Groups of atoms that are joined together to form ions. Most polyatomic ions are negative, and behave as non-metals in a compound. (ex. ammonium, hydroxide)
What is the Law of Definite Proportions?
A theory proposed by Joseph Proust stating that a specific compound always contains the same elements in definite proportions.
What are ionic compounds?
The result of a metal bounding with a non-metal. Electrons of each element are transferred to form ions which are bonded by electrical force to form compounds. Ionic compounds are electrically neutral. (ex. sodium chloride: table salt, calcium carbonate: chalk)
What are monovalent metals?
Metals that have only one possible ion charge, meaning they can only lose or gain electrons in one way. The first twenty elements in the periodic table are monovalent. (ex. sodium, aluminum)
What are multivalent metals?
Metals that have more than one ion charge. (ex. copper (II), iron (III)) *Although they are both lead, lead (II) and lead (IV) have completely different properties.
What are chemical formulas?
Formulas that show what elements are in a substance and their ratios.
What is a chemical family?
A group of elements that have similar properties and form compounds with similar properties. (ex. alkali metals, noble gases)
What are alkali metals?
The first column of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen. - are silvery-grey- have low melting points- are solid at room temperature- are soft, low-density metals- are very reactive- have an ion charge of 1+(ex. lithium: batteries, potassium: fertilizer)
What are alkaline earth metals?
The second column of the periodic table.- are silvery-white- melting points are higher than alkali metals- are solid at room temperature- are hard, low-density metals- are very reactive- have an ion charge of 2+(ex. magnesium: fireworks)
What arehalogens?
The second-last column of the periodic tablet. - are a range of bright colours as gases- have low boiling points- are soft, low-density- are very reactive- have an ion charge of 1–(ex. chlorine: purifier, iodine: disinfectant)
What are noble gases?
The last column of the periodic table.- are colourless, tasteless, odourless, and non-toxic (except for radon)- have low boiling points- are low-density gases- are non-reactive- have an ion charge of 0(ex. helium: balloons, neon: electric discharge lights)
What is hydrogen referred to as?
A family of one. Hydrogen can either give up an electron or acquire an electron, therefore it can be negative or positive. This results in it being a highly reactive metal or a highly reactive non metal.
