Chapter 8: Human Development Flashcards
The older you are__________
the faster the years seem to go
What processes are humans apart of?
- Biological Processes
- Cognitive Processes
- Socioemotional Processes
The Prenatal Development stages are?
- Germinal Period (Weeks 1 to 2)
-conception
-zygote - Embryonic Period (Weeks 3 to 8)
-differentiation of tissue
-organ formation - Fetal Period (Months 2 to 9)
-development of functionality
What is a teratogen?
An agent or factor which causes malformation of an embryo
What happens in an infant’s brain?
-Myelination continues after birth
-Synaptic overproduction
-Eventual synaptic pruning
When you’re aging, you’re ___________ is maturing
prefrontal cortex
What is the cellular clock theory?
-Maximum number ofcelldivisions possible
-Predicts human life span of about 120 years
-Shortening telomeres Free-
Radical Theory
-cause DNA and cell damage
Hormonal Stress Theory
-stress hormones linger longer
What is the Radical Theory?
Cause DNA and cell damage
What is the Hormonal Stress Theory?
Stress hormones linger longer
Where do some new brain cells grow?
hippocampus and olfactory bulb
Jean Piaget did what from 1896 to 1980?
he worked on children’s cognitive development using:
-schemas
(Concepts or frameworks that organize information)
-assimilation
(Incorporate new info intro existing schemas)
-accommodation
(Adjust schemas to new information)
What is Piaget’s Theory? (Different stages)
Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2 years)
-coordinate sensations with movements
Pre-operational Stage (2 to 7 years)
-good reasoning and thinking
-they think they’re the center of the universe
Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years)
-operational thinking
-logical reasoning in concrete contexts
Formal Operational Stage (11 to 15 years)
-lasts through adulthood
-abstract and idealistic thought
-hypothetical- deductive reasoning
What stage lasts through 0-2 years in children?
Sensorimotor Stage
What stage lasts through 2-7 years?
Pre-Operational Stage
What stage lasts through 7-11 years?
Concrete Operational Stage
What stage lasts through 11-15 years?
Formal Operational Stage
What are the three clusters of temperament?
- Easy
- Difficult
- Slow-to-Warm-up
What is infant attachment?
The close emotional bond between an infant and its caregiver
May provide foundation for the baby to love others when it grows up
What did John Bowlby say about infant attachment?
infant attachement lays foundation for all future relationships
Erik Erikson (1902-1994) believed what
-eight psychosocial stages of development
-each stage represents a developmental task
-results in either a personal competence or a weakness
What are the 1st and 2nd steps to Erikson’s theory?
Stage 1: trust vs. mistrust
(Basic needs met by sensitive caregivers) Birth to age 2
Stage 2: autonomy vs. shame and doubt
(Discover and assert will of their own) age 2 to 5
what are the 3rd and 4th steps to Erikson’s theory?
Stage 3: initiative versus guilt
(Challenged to assume responsibility) ages kindergarten to 2nd
Stage 4: industry versus inferiority (Mastering knowledge and intellectual skills) ages 3rd -5th grade
What is the Authoritarian parenting style?
-parents are controlling and punititve
-correlated with child’s lack of initiative, poor communication skills, social incompetence
What is the Authoritative parenting style?
-parents encourage independence with limits
-correlated with child’s social competence, social responsibility
What is the Neglectful parenting style?
-parents generally uninvolved
-correlated with less social competence and poor self-control in child
What is the Permissive parenting style?
-parents are involved, but place few poor
-correlated with child’s poor social competence, lack of respect for others
