Chapter 8 Groups

Question 1

Group

Answer 1

A group is two or more people that have are interdependent, in the sense that there needs and goals cause them to rely on each other.

Question 2

Social Roles

Answer 2

Shared expectations by group members about how particular people in the group are supposed to behave.

Question 3

Group Cohesiveness

Answer 3

Qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking among them.

Question 4

Social Facilitation

Answer 4

The tendency for people to do better on simpler tasks but worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated.

Question 5

Social loafing

Answer 5

The tendency for people to do worse on simple tasks but better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated.

Question 6

Deindividuation

Answer 6

The loosening of normal constraints on behaviour when people are in a group, leading to an increase in impulsive and deviant acts.

Question 7

Process loss

Answer 7

Any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving.

Question 8

Groupthink

Answer 8

Groupthink a kind of thinking in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner

Question 9

Group polarization

Answer 9

The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of their members.

Question 10

Great Person Theory

Answer 10

The theory that certain key personalities traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the situation the leader faces.

Question 11

Transactional Leaders

Answer 11

Leaders who set clear short-term goals and rewards people who meet them.

Question 12

Transformational leaders

Answer 12

Leaders who inspire followers to focus on common long-term goals

Question 13

Contingency Theory of leadership

Answer 13

The theory that leadership effectiveness depends both on how task oriented or relationship oriented the leader is, and on the amount of control and influence the leader has over the group.

Question 14

Task oriented leader

Answer 14

A leader who is concerned more with getting the job done than with the feelings of and relationships among workers.

Question 15

Relationship oriented leader

Answer 15

A leader who is concerned primarily with the feelings of and relationships among workers.

Question 16

Social dilema

Answer 16

A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual, if chosen by most people, will have harmful effects on everyone.

Question 17

Tit-for Tat strategy

Answer 17

A means of encouraging cooperation by first acting cooperatively but then always responding the way your opponent did on the previous trial. Cooperatively or competitive.

Question 18

Negotiation

Answer 18

A form of communication between opposing sides in which a conflict, which offers and counter offers are made and a solution occurs only when both parties agree.

Question 19

Integrative solution

Answer 19

A solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interest; each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to them but important to the other side.