Chapter 8 Groups Flashcards
Group
A group is two or more people that have are interdependent, in the sense that there needs and goals cause them to rely on each other.
Social Roles
Shared expectations by group members about how particular people in the group are supposed to behave.
Group Cohesiveness
Qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking among them.
Social Facilitation
The tendency for people to do better on simpler tasks but worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated.
Social loafing
The tendency for people to do worse on simple tasks but better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated.
Deindividuation
The loosening of normal constraints on behaviour when people are in a group, leading to an increase in impulsive and deviant acts.
Process loss
Any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving.
Groupthink
Groupthink a kind of thinking in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner
Group polarization
The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of their members.
Great Person Theory
The theory that certain key personalities traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the situation the leader faces.
Transactional Leaders
Leaders who set clear short-term goals and rewards people who meet them.
Transformational leaders
Leaders who inspire followers to focus on common long-term goals
Contingency Theory of leadership
The theory that leadership effectiveness depends both on how task oriented or relationship oriented the leader is, and on the amount of control and influence the leader has over the group.
Task oriented leader
A leader who is concerned more with getting the job done than with the feelings of and relationships among workers.
Relationship oriented leader
A leader who is concerned primarily with the feelings of and relationships among workers.
Social dilema
A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual, if chosen by most people, will have harmful effects on everyone.
Tit-for Tat strategy
A means of encouraging cooperation by first acting cooperatively but then always responding the way your opponent did on the previous trial. Cooperatively or competitive.
Negotiation
A form of communication between opposing sides in which a conflict, which offers and counter offers are made and a solution occurs only when both parties agree.
Integrative solution
A solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interest; each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to them but important to the other side.
