Chapter 6 Attitudes And Athitude Changes Flashcards
Attitudes
Evaluation of people, objects, or ideas.
Affective based attitudes
An attitude based primarily on people’s emotions and feelings about the attitude objects
Cognitively based attitude
An attitude based primarily on a persons beliefs about the properties of an attitude object
Behaviourally based attitude
An attitude based primarily on observations of how one behaves toward an attitude object
Explicit attitudes
Attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report
Implicit attitudes
Attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious.
Theory of planned behaviour
A theory that the best predictors of people’s planned, deliberate behaviour are their attitudes toward specific behaviours, subjective norms, and perceived control
Persuasive communication.
Communication advocating a particular side of an issue
Yale attitude change approach
Central route to persuasion
The case in which people have the ability and the motivation to elaborate on a persuasive communication, listening carefully to thinking about the arguments
Peripheral route to persuasion
The case in which people do not elaborate on the argument in a persuasive communication but are instead swayed by more superficial cues
Fear-Arousing communication
A persuasive message that attempts to change people’s attitude by a rousing their fears
Subliminal messages
Subliminal messages words or pictures that are not consciously perceived but that supposedly influence people’s judgements, attitudes and behaviours
Attitude Inoculation.
The process of making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by exposing them to small doses of the arguments against their position
Cognitive dissonance
A feeling of discomfort caused by the realization that one’s behaviour is inconsistent with one’s attitude or that one holds two conflicting attitudes
Post-decision dissonance
Dissonance that is aroused after making a decision; such dissonance is typically reduced by enhancing the attractiveness of the chosen alternative and devaluing the rejected alternative
Justification of effort
The tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain.
External Justification
A persons reason or explanation for dissonance behaviour that resides outside the individual ( large reward)
Internal justification
The reduction of dissonance by changing something about oneself ( attitudes or behaviour)
Counter attitudinal behaviour
Acting in a way that runs counter to a persons private belief or attitude
Insufficient punishment
The dissonance aroused when individuals lack sufficient external justification for having resisted a desired activity or object, usually resulting in individuals devaluing the forbidden activity or object
Hypocrisy induction
The arousal of dissonance by having individuals make statements that run counter to their behaviour and then reminding them of the inconsistency between what they are saying and their actual behaviour
Elaborating likelihood model
Two ways of persuasive communication, central route and peripheral route
Self-affirmation theory
A theory suggesting that people will reduce the impact of a dissonance-arousing threat to their self concept by focusing on and affirming their competence on some dimensional unrelated to the threat.
