Chapter 6 Attitudes And Athitude Changes

Question 1

Attitudes

Answer 1

Evaluation of people, objects, or ideas.

Question 2

Affective based attitudes

Answer 2

An attitude based primarily on people’s emotions and feelings about the attitude objects

Question 3

Cognitively based attitude

Answer 3

An attitude based primarily on a persons beliefs about the properties of an attitude object

Question 4

Behaviourally based attitude

Answer 4

An attitude based primarily on observations of how one behaves toward an attitude object

Question 5

Explicit attitudes

Answer 5

Attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report

Question 6

Implicit attitudes

Answer 6

Attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious.

Question 7

Theory of planned behaviour

Answer 7

A theory that the best predictors of people’s planned, deliberate behaviour are their attitudes toward specific behaviours, subjective norms, and perceived control

Question 8

Persuasive communication.

Answer 8

Communication advocating a particular side of an issue

Question 9

Yale attitude change approach

Question 10

Central route to persuasion

Answer 10

The case in which people have the ability and the motivation to elaborate on a persuasive communication, listening carefully to thinking about the arguments

Question 11

Peripheral route to persuasion

Answer 11

The case in which people do not elaborate on the argument in a persuasive communication but are instead swayed by more superficial cues

Question 12

Fear-Arousing communication

Answer 12

A persuasive message that attempts to change people’s attitude by a rousing their fears

Question 13

Subliminal messages

Answer 13

Subliminal messages words or pictures that are not consciously perceived but that supposedly influence people’s judgements, attitudes and behaviours

Question 14

Attitude Inoculation.

Answer 14

The process of making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by exposing them to small doses of the arguments against their position

Question 15

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 15

A feeling of discomfort caused by the realization that one’s behaviour is inconsistent with one’s attitude or that one holds two conflicting attitudes

Question 16

Post-decision dissonance

Answer 16

Dissonance that is aroused after making a decision; such dissonance is typically reduced by enhancing the attractiveness of the chosen alternative and devaluing the rejected alternative

Question 17

Justification of effort

Answer 17

The tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain.

Question 18

External Justification

Answer 18

A persons reason or explanation for dissonance behaviour that resides outside the individual ( large reward)

Question 19

Internal justification

Answer 19

The reduction of dissonance by changing something about oneself ( attitudes or behaviour)

Question 20

Counter attitudinal behaviour

Answer 20

Acting in a way that runs counter to a persons private belief or attitude

Question 21

Insufficient punishment

Answer 21

The dissonance aroused when individuals lack sufficient external justification for having resisted a desired activity or object, usually resulting in individuals devaluing the forbidden activity or object

Question 22

Hypocrisy induction

Answer 22

The arousal of dissonance by having individuals make statements that run counter to their behaviour and then reminding them of the inconsistency between what they are saying and their actual behaviour

Question 23

Elaborating likelihood model

Answer 23

Two ways of persuasive communication, central route and peripheral route

Question 24

Self-affirmation theory

Answer 24

A theory suggesting that people will reduce the impact of a dissonance-arousing threat to their self concept by focusing on and affirming their competence on some dimensional unrelated to the threat.