Chapter 8 - Glands of Digestion Flashcards
IC: Name the surface epithelium of the gallbaldder?
Simple Columnar
IC: Which major luminal wall layer is significantly absent?
Submucosa
IC: Does the ME of the gallbladder have normal pattern?
No
IC: Which gallbladder cells concentrate bile?
Clear cells/cholangiocytes
IC: Which DNES product will stimulate the ME of the GB to contract?
CCK
IC: Which type of bile works best within the SI?
Cystic bile
IC: Which major portion of the pancreas is the largest?
Exocrine
IC: Which pancreatic cells help to buffer chyme?
Centroacinar & cuboid cells in the pancreatic intercalated ducts
How does bile flow through a liver lobule? (Def a TQ)
Bile moves from the hepatocytes towards the bile duct branch in the portal triad
What are hepatic sinusoids?
Dilated, fenestrated thin walled vessels found between rows of hepatocytes
What do hepatic sinusoids carry?
Mixture of venous (75%) and arterial blood (25%)
What is the structure of the central vein?
Fenestrated thin walled vessel
What is the location of the central vein?
Middle of the classic lobule
What are the functions of the gall bladder?
- Store bile
2. Concentrate bile
What is the primary bile from the liver?
Hepatic bile
What is the difference between cystic bile and hepatic bile?
Cystic is more concentrated (from gallbladder)
What controls bile release?
CCK & vagal stimulation
What is the surface epithelium of the mucosa of the gallbladder?
Simple columnar
What cells are present in the mucosa of the gallbladder?
- Clear cells (cholangiocytes) - have many microvilli
2. Brush cells
What is the function of the cholangiocytes?
Concentrate bile by absorbing water
What is the LP of the gallbladder like?
loose and highly vascular ct
What is the function of the LP of the gallbladder?
Lubricate the narrow neck lumen (neck will often possess small mucus glands)
What is the submucosa of the gallbladder like? (Def a TQ)
absent (very unusual)
What is the ME of the gallbladder like?
Not a normal pattern!
Thin smooth muscle layer with disorganized muscle arrangement
Is serosa or adventitia more predominant in the gallbladder?
Mostly serosa
Some adventitia where it attaches to liver
What is the largest portion of the pancreas?
Exocrine
Where are the Pancreatic Islets?
Endocrine pancreas - Islets of Langerhans producing hormones
What hormones control Serous Acini?
Secretion controlled by CCK & ACH from parasympathetic neurons
What hormones control Pancreatic Ducts?
Bicarbonate secretion is controlled by secretin & ACH
What makes up the exocrine pancreas? (TQ)
Serous acini - produces digestive enzymes
What are the 3 major characteristics of the pancreatic ducts?
- Centroacnar cells (next to acinar cells)
- Cuboid & Centroacnar cells in intercalated pancreatic ducts - produce alkaline fluid
- Collagen-rich ct wraps pancreatic ducts
What is the function of the alkaline fluid released by the intercalated pancreatic ducts?
Released into the duodenum to buffer stomach chyme
What is the function of the collagen-rich CT wrapping the pancreatic ducts?
Provide extra protection from the possible leaking of digestive enzymes
What is the largest gland in the body with both endocrine and exocrine function?
Liver
What are the 5 major cells of interest of the liver?
Hepatocytes Kupffer Cells Ito Cells Pit cells Hepatic Progenitor Cells
What kind of cell are hepatocytes?
Cuboidal cells with microvilli and lateral bile canaliculi between adjacent hepatocytes
What are some hepatocyte functions?
Metabolism Detoxify blood Produce blood proteins Produce hepatic (primary) bile Store vitamins
What is the fxn of the bile canaliculi?
collect bile
Describe the movement of bile in the liver.
From hepatocytes towards the bile duct branch in the portal triad
What is another name for Kupffer Cells? What type of cell are they?
Stellate macrophages
Resident macrophages developing from monocytes
What is the function of Kupffer Cells?
Phagocytosis of debris and aged RBCs
Acts as an APC
What’s another name for Ito Cells?
Hepatic Stellate Cells
What is the function of Ito cells?
Store lipids for immediate use
Store Vit A
Produce collagen I, III, IV, and growth factors
Which liver cells are likely responsible for regenerative capabilities?
Hepatic Progenitor Cells
What is included in the portal triad?
Hepatic Artery
Portal Vein
Bile Duct
(lymph vessels)
What are hepatic sinusoids?
Dilated fenestrated thin walls
Found between rows of hepatocytes
Carry a mixture of venous (75%) and arterial (25%) blood
What is the function of the central vein?
Fenestrated thin walls that collect blood from the hepatic sinusoids
Describe the blood flow in the Liver.
Blood flows from the portal triad to the central vein
What is another name for the Space of Disse?
Perisinusoidal
What is the space of disse?
Space between the hepatocytes & fenestrated hepatic sinusoids where blood can contact microvilli surfaces of hepatocytes
This is why the liver can take over functioning for the spleen within 48 hours
What covers Glisson’s Capsule?
Dense irregular ct covered with serosa
