Chapter 8- Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the female gonads?

Answer 1

Ovaries

Question 2

What does female reproductive system consist of?

Answer 2

Organs that produce ova and provide a place for growth of embryo

Supply hormones important for development of female sex characteristics

Question 3

What is the first “period” called?

Answer 3

Menarche

Question 4

When are ova present?

Answer 4

From birth

Question 5

What happens if fertilization occurs?

Answer 5

Fertilized egg may grow and develop within the uterus

Placenta develops to nourish embryo

Question 6

What happens if fertilization does not occur?

Answer 6

Shedding of uterine lining occurs and bleeding (menstruation) occurs

Question 7

What are the hormones of ovaries?

Answer 7

Estrogen and progesterone (pregnancy)

Question 8

Where is pituitary gland located? And what is its function?

Answer 8

Base of brain and secretes hormone that govern reproductive functions of ovaries, breasts and uterus

Question 9

What do the breasts contain that help carry milk to nipple?

Answer 9

Fibrous and fatty tissue
Ladtiferous ducts
Sinuses

Question 10

What happens in day 1 to 5 (menstrual period) ?

Answer 10

Discharge of bloody fluid containing disintegrates endometrial cells, glandular secretion and blood cells

Question 11

What happens in days 6 to 12 of menstrual cycle?

Answer 11

Endometrium repairs itself, maturing follicles in ovary release estrogen, ovum grows in the follicles during this period

Question 12

What happens during days 13 and 14 (ovulatory period)?

Answer 12

Follicle ruptures and the egg leaves ovary, passing through fallopian tube

Question 13

What happens during day 15 to 28 of menstrual cycle?

Answer 13

Follicle that released egg becomes corpus luteum. The corpus luteum functions as endocrine organ continuing to make estrogen and now secreting progesterone into bloodstream. Progesterone stimulates endometrial buildup and anticipation of fertilization of egg

If fertilization does not occur , corpus luteum stops producing progesterone and menstrual period occurs and cycle repeats

Question 14

What happens in fertilization occurs?

Answer 14

Fertilized egg travels to uterus and implants in the uterine endometrium. The corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone and estrogen

Question 15

What is the placenta and what is its roles?

Answer 15

A vascular organ that is attached to uterine wall. Derived from maternal endometrium and from the CHORION, the outermost membrane that surrounds the developing embryo

Produces its own hormone - hCG ( human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 16

What hormones does the pituitary gland release?

Answer 16

FSH and LH

Question 17

What is a spike in LH (luteinizing hormone) called?

Answer 17

LH surge

Question 18

When does menopause occur ?

Answer 18

Begins when all of the ova are released and secretion of estrogens from ovaries lessens,

Premature - before 40
Delayed- after 55
Artificial- removed ovaries, nonfunctional ovaries

Question 19

What is hormone replacement therapy

Answer 19

Given orally or as a transdermal patch or vaginal ring and used to relieve symptoms of menopause