Chapter 2- Terms Pertaining To The Body As A Whole Flashcards
What are the four types of cells? And how do they differentiate?
Muscle cells- long and slender, contains fibres to aid in contracting and relaxing
Nerve cells- long with various extensions to aid in carrying impulses
Epithelial cells- square and flat to provide protection
Fat cells- contain large, empty area for fat storage
Types of tissues
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Connective tissue
Nerve tissue
Epithelial tissue
Located all over body, forms lining of internal organs and outer surface of skin, lines exocrine and endocrine glands, responsible for secretions that the glands produce
Muscle tissue (voluntary,involuntary and cardiac)
Voluntary muscle is found in arms and legs
Involuntary found in heart and digestive system
Cardiac muscle is a specialized type found only in heart
Connective tissue
Supports and binds other tissues and parts
Ex, bone, cartilage, muscle, fat and fibrous tissue
Nerve tissue
Conducts impulses all over body
What organs does digestive system consist of?
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestines
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
What organs does the urinary/excretory system consist of?
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
What’s organs does the respiratory system consist of?
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
What organs does the reproductive system consist of?
Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes,uterus, vagina, mammary glands
Male: testes, associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
What organs does the endocrine system consist of?
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Sex glands
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Parathyroid glands
What organs does the nervous system consist of?
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Collections of nerves
What organs does the circulatory system consist of?
Heart
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels and nodes
Spleen
Thymus gland
What organs does the muscoskeletal system consist of?
Muscles
Bones
Joints
What organs does the integumentary system consist of?
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Where is the abdominal cavity located and what organs does it consist of?
Space below chest, contains liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines. AKA abdomen/ peritoneal cavity
Where is the cranial cavity located and what organs does it consist of?
Space in head containing brain and surrounded by skull
Where is the pelvic cavity located and what organs does it consist of?
Space below abdomen, contains portions of intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
Where is the spinal cavity located and what organs does it consist of?
Space within the spinal column contains the spinal cord
Where is the thoracic cavity located and what organs does it consist of?
Space in chest contains heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus and other organs
What does the right upper quadrant (RUQ) contain?
Contains liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small intestine and large intestines
What does the left upper quadrant (LUQ) contain?
Contains the liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines
What does the left lower quadrant (LLQ) contain?
Contains parts of small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter
What does the right lower quadrant (RLQ) contain?
Contains parts of small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter
Divisions of the back (abbreviation and location)
Cervical (C)- in neck region (C1 to C7)
Thoracic (T) - in chest region (T1 to T12) each bone is joined to a rib
Lumbar (L)- in waist region (L1 to L5)
Sacral-(S)- (S1 to S5) fused to form one bone, the sacrum
Coccygeal- small bone composed of four fused pieces (tailbone)
What are the planes of the body?
Frontal (Coronal) plane- vertical plane, dividing body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
Sagittal (lateral) plane- lengthwise, vertical plane, dividing body or structure into right, and left sides
Transverse (axial) plane- horizontal plane, running across the body, parallel to the ground
