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Bio 41 > Chapter 8 Evolution & Natural Selection > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Evolution & Natural Selection Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Evolution

A

Genetic change in the population of fruit flies living in the cage.

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2
Q

Natural selection

A

SURVIVE better and REPRODUCE more, pass the traits.

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3
Q

Population

A

Traits that give them the advantage in the environment.

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4
Q

Darwin. The new idea

A
  • Never died out
  • Never change
  • before Darwin all people believed animals were created at the same time.
  • Biblical expectations.
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5
Q

George’s curvier

1790s

A

Explored coal mines
Found fossils
Fossils had no similarity to any living organism

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6
Q

Jean babysits Lamarck

A

Biologist 1800s
Living species might change over time.
Giraffe neck stretching
Change In organism change upon use.

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7
Q

Charles Darwin

A 
Age 16 medical school
Real love study of NATURE
Gentleman companion
Dislike sea travel
Galapagos island
HMS beagle
Grad minister school
Study theology not interested in being a minister.
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8
Q

Galapagos island

A 
Volcanic island
Giant tortoise 
Docile lizards
Wide variety of birds 
FINCHES
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9
Q

2 things notice on voyage

A

1 same species different traits (finches) body, beak, feather color.
2 found fossils of extinct species and living ones.
Glyptodonts vs armadillos
Why 1 species still alive

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10
Q

Book that rock the world

A 
1842  first draft of his ideas 35pgs 
Sat for 14 yrs 
1859 published his thoughts on natural selection after procrastinating and mulling.
Book was hit
Sold out first day
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11
Q

Alfred Russell Wallace

A

Both Wallace and Darwin are credited

First description of evolution by natural selection

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12
Q

Four machinist can give rise to evolution

A

Evolution occurs when alleles frequencies in a population change.

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13
Q

Natural selection

A

Evolution and natural selection are not the same thing.
Not the only mechanism of evil until art change.
It’s one of four.

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14
Q

Four mechanism of evolution

A

1 mutation
2 genetic drift
3 migration
4 natural selection

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15
Q

Mutation

A

Alteration (base on pair sequence of DNA)
Change in the DNA sequence may change the allele.
Ultimate source of genetic variation in a population.
Create completely novel allele example
(Green or red eyes) gene code.
Mutations are random

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16
Q

Genetic drift

A

A random change in allele frequencies in a population.

Impact of genetic drift is MUCH GREATER IN A SMALL POPULATION than a large one.

17
Q

Genetic drift

A
  • is random
18
Q

Types of genetic drifts

A
  • founder effect
  • bottle neck effect
  • are important in the evolution of population.
19
Q

Founder effect

A
  • founding members
  • new isolated population
  • different alleles frequencies
  • small number of individuals leave population
20
Q

Bottle neck effect

A
  • gene pool
  • less population less traits or survival
  • cheetah
21
Q

Migration

A
  • into or out of a population
  • one population to another movement
  • join another population
22
Q

Natural selection 3 conditions satisfied

A

1 variations for that particular trait
2 variation must be heritable
3 produce more offspring
- lady bug with spots more spots more offspring.

23
Q

3 conditions of natural selection

A

Condition 1 variation of trait
-raw material on which evolution works
Condition 2 heritability
-offspring must inherit trait from parents
Condition 3 differential reproductive success

24
Q

Differential success

A
  • more organisms than can survive
  • organism struggle for existence
  • organism likely to win struggle
  • not all make it - animals
25
Q

Removing the losers

A
  • elimination of less favorable
  • heritable traits
  • fast genes are passed on (rabbits)
26
Q

Survival of the fittest

A
  • Has li+le to do with an organism’s ability to survive or its physical strength or health
  • Fitness has to do with the reproductive success
  • alleles carried by and individual with height fitness will increase proportion in a population overtime
  • population will evolve
27
Q

3 important elements to organism fitness

A

1 individuals fitness is measured relative to other geno or pheno type
2 fitness depends on specific environment
3 reproduction success
- less reproductive less fitness

28
Q

Adaptation

A
  • better adapted to environment through natural selections

- example porcupines (quills) spikes adaptation reduces the risk of predators

29
Q

Variation in environment

A
  • Natural selection does not lead to perfect organism

- example : no perfect beak size

Bio 41 (4 decks)

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