Chapter 5 Flashcards
Transcription
The gene sequence is copied to a smaller molecule
Example- a single recipe from the cook book onto a flash card.
RNA
Is a single strand
Ribosome
Aucg =base
DNA sequence
ATGCCATTA
transition to complimentary MRNA
UACCGUAAU
Translation
MRNA molecule moves out of the cells nucleus.
Transition begins
Ingredients must be present in cytoplasm for translation to occur
Peptide bond link amino acids
Free amino acids
The raw material for building proteins
Ribosome subunits
Subunits
Transfer RNA
Interpreters of the MRNA code
MRNA
Is single strand
Codon table
64 combinations
Every triplet is calls for a code
(Codon)
AUG codon
Is called the methanomine
UAA
UAG
UGA
Codon
Means stop
AUG
Start codon
Anti codon
Is on the TRNA
Codon is on the MRNA strand
Ribosome
Reads the MRNA
TRNA
Transports amino acids
Once you hit the stop sequence
The protein is release and folds
20 different
Type of amino acids
Causes and effects of mutation
Alteration sequence of bases of DNA. Changes I. The structure and fiction of the protein. (Effects) Mutations Wrong codon sequence Seriously or deadly to organism No effects Can turn out to be beneficial to the organism
Mutations can
Disrupt normal processes and harm the individual.
One simple change in the amino acid can alter development
Breast cancer in humans
BRCA 1 &BRCA 2.
Two genes called BRCA 1 &BRCA 2.
Help prevent ovarian cancer
Tumor suppressor
Prevent cells from devising uncontrollably
Mutations
Mutations are essential to evolution.
Mutations that don’t kill an organism can reduce ability of survival or reproduction.
Can be beneficial
Every genetic feature was a mutation
Types of mutation
Nucleotide substitute -less sever -doesn't change after or before nucleotide insertion MRNA is going to be red(stop) -Complete change of reading frame -Everything after is different nucleotide deletion - same as insertion
3 main causes of mutations
1Spontaneous - no control
2Radiation - induces mutation ex: X-rays , nuclear plants
3 chemical - induced mutation ex: smoking , expose to chemicals.
Faulty genes. Coding for faulty enzymes
- can lead to production of non fictional enzyme
- fast flushing
