Chapter 10 Diversity Life On Earth

Question 1

First life on earth

Answer 1

-Life on earth most likely originated from nonliving material

Question 2

Earth

Answer 2

• Earth formed the four .5 billion years ago
• Oldest rock found in Canada are about 3.8 billion years old
• fossilized bacteria like cells have been found in rocks that are 3.4 billion years old

Question 3

Distinct phases

Answer 3

Believed that fifth thing originated on earth
-Phase 1 the formation of small molecules.
-phase 2 the formation of self replicating information containing molecules
-phase 3
Development of membrane
Enabling metabolism
Creating first cells

Question 4

Stanley miller

Answer 4

• the Urey miller experiment
• could make molecules from assortment
• hydrogen nitrogen with no oxygen
• create early earth like atmosphere
• found several amino acids
• heat -electrical -liquid cool- sea

Question 5

Urey miller experiment

Answer 5

• recent analysis reveals that all 20 amino acids present in living organisms where produced during these experiments
• with right condition can produce amino acids

Question 6

The nucleus acid RNA

Answer 6

-carry both information and catalyze the reaction necessary for replication

Question 7

The RNA word

Answer 7

Parenthesis

Question 8

Membranes

Answer 8

• compartmentalized
• have metabolism
• self replicating material
• can exchange material w/ environment
• primaries membrane

Question 9

Earliest life on earth

Answer 9

• fossils of 3.4 billion years old
• eukaryotes need oxygen
• cells that may have been among the first living organisms on earth

Question 10

Zygo

Answer 10

• fertilized egg
• 23 sperm chromosomes
• 23 egg chromosome
• zygote 43 chromosome

Question 11

Species

Answer 11

• basic unit of diversity

- Homo sapiens

Question 12

Biological species concept

Answer 12

-different kind of organism - the same
: humans Homo sapiens
- the different
: flowers

Question 13

Two keys features of the biological species concept

Answer 13

1interbreeding or could possibly interbreed
2natural populations
-Occasionally in captivity individuals may interbreed
-may not interbreed in the wild
-zorse is not consider a species horse/zebra

Question 14

Barriers to reproduction

Answer 14

1 pre-zygote Barrier 
-can't reproduce  a zygo 
- different numbers of chromosomes 
- won't work out
2 post zygote barriers
- never develops 
- hybrid
- offspring sterile
- dead end 
- egg able to be fertilized

Question 15

How do we name things

Answer 15

• Carlous Linnaeus system 1700s

- Latin is universal

Question 16

Carlous system

Answer 16

-two part naming system
1 genus (plural) genera
2 specific - epithet

Question 17

Hierarchical system

Answer 17

1Domain - is the broadest 
Eukarya , Protis , fungus 
 2 Kingdom 
-anamallia
3 phylum
- chordata
4 class
-mammalia  horses are equus
-diverge
-order
-family
-genus
-species 
Dumb kinky people can of find gross stds

Question 18

How do new species arise

Answer 18

• Reproduction

- genetic divergence

Question 19

Allopathic specification

Answer 19

• specification with geographic isolation
• reproductive isolation
• genetic divergence
• geographic isolation -river

Question 20

Sympatric specification

Answer 20

• common in plants
• Self fertile
• clone its self

Question 21

Macro evolution

Answer 21

• gives rise to great diversity
• above species level
• new groups of organism
• game changer
• major new groups

Question 22

Long term and short term results of macroevolution

Answer 22

• micro is the process

- macro is the result

Question 23

Pace of evolution

Answer 23

-gradually in incremental steps

Question 24

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 24

• evolution jerks
• burst or rapid change
• sudden change over a large time