Chapter 8: Everyday Memory Flashcards
Exam 3 Study Guide
Internal Validity
does the independent variable cause the change on the dependent variable
Construct Validity
are you testing what you claim to be testing
External Validity
do your results generalize to other samples
Ecological Validity
realism, is the laboratory task representative of the real word
Conceptually Driven Knowledge
when already known information influences our memory of new events
Confabulation
when semantic knowledge influences episodic memory
Seven Sins of Memory
transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence
Transience
the tendency to lose access to information across time
Absent-Mindedness
everyday memory failure for information and intended activities, probably caused by insufficient attention
Blocking
temporary retrieval failure in episodic or semantic memory (the TOT effect)
Misattribution
remember a fact correctly from past experience but attributing it to the incorrect source or context
Suggestibility
the tendency to incorporate information provide by others into your own memory representations
Bias
the tendency for knowledge, beliefs, and feelings to distort recollection of previous experiences and to affect current and future judgements and memory
Persistence
over-rumination (remembering things, including traumatic memories, even when you do not wish to do so)
Reconstructive Memory
when we construct a memory by combining elements fro the original material with existing knowledge
Schemata
an active organization of past reactions of past experiences
Assimilation
when we encounter new material, we try to related this to our existing schema
Reproductive Memory
episodic recall of the exact information
Constructive Memory
when the inferences were draw during comprehension become part of our memory for the text
Reconstructive Memory
when we incorporate additional knowledge to a retrieved memory
Proposition
an idea unit, or the smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion
Autobiographical Memory
memory of the event in the context of our memory of the event
Source Misattribution
sometimes people come to believe that they remember something that never happened
Misinformation Acceptance
when a person accepts additional information as having been part of an earlier experience without actually remembering that information
Recovered Memory
when a forgotten memory is remembered years later
Repressed Memory
the intentional forgetting of painful or traumatic experiences (Freudian defense mechanism)
