Chapter 8: Everyday Memory

Question 1

Internal Validity

Answer 1

does the independent variable cause the change on the dependent variable

Question 2

Construct Validity

Answer 2

are you testing what you claim to be testing

Question 3

External Validity

Answer 3

do your results generalize to other samples

Question 4

Ecological Validity

Answer 4

realism, is the laboratory task representative of the real word

Question 5

Conceptually Driven Knowledge

Answer 5

when already known information influences our memory of new events

Question 6

Confabulation

Answer 6

when semantic knowledge influences episodic memory

Question 7

Seven Sins of Memory

Answer 7

transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence

Question 8

Transience

Answer 8

the tendency to lose access to information across time

Question 9

Absent-Mindedness

Answer 9

everyday memory failure for information and intended activities, probably caused by insufficient attention

Question 10

Blocking

Answer 10

temporary retrieval failure in episodic or semantic memory (the TOT effect)

Question 11

Misattribution

Answer 11

remember a fact correctly from past experience but attributing it to the incorrect source or context

Question 12

Suggestibility

Answer 12

the tendency to incorporate information provide by others into your own memory representations

Question 13

Bias

Answer 13

the tendency for knowledge, beliefs, and feelings to distort recollection of previous experiences and to affect current and future judgements and memory

Question 14

Persistence

Answer 14

over-rumination (remembering things, including traumatic memories, even when you do not wish to do so)

Question 15

Reconstructive Memory

Answer 15

when we construct a memory by combining elements fro the original material with existing knowledge

Question 16

Schemata

Answer 16

an active organization of past reactions of past experiences

Question 17

Assimilation

Answer 17

when we encounter new material, we try to related this to our existing schema

Question 18

Reproductive Memory

Answer 18

episodic recall of the exact information

Question 19

Constructive Memory

Answer 19

when the inferences were draw during comprehension become part of our memory for the text

Question 20

Reconstructive Memory

Answer 20

when we incorporate additional knowledge to a retrieved memory

Question 21

Proposition

Answer 21

an idea unit, or the smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion

Question 22

Autobiographical Memory

Answer 22

memory of the event in the context of our memory of the event

Question 23

Source Misattribution

Answer 23

sometimes people come to believe that they remember something that never happened

Question 24

Misinformation Acceptance

Answer 24

when a person accepts additional information as having been part of an earlier experience without actually remembering that information

Question 25

Recovered Memory

Answer 25

when a forgotten memory is remembered years later

Question 26

Repressed Memory

Answer 26

the intentional forgetting of painful or traumatic experiences (Freudian defense mechanism)