Chapter 8: Emotion & Motivation Flashcards
Explain: James - Lange theory
The theory that a stimulus triggers activity in the body, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain
Define: Emotion
A positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity
Explain: Cannon-Bard theory
The theory that a stimulus simultanesouly triggers activity in the body and emotional experience in the brain
Explain: two-factor theory
The theory that emotions are based on inferences about the causes of physiological arousal
Define: Appraisal
An evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus
Define: Emotion Regulation
The strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience
Define: Reappraisal
Changing one’s emotional experience by changing the way one thinks about the emotion-eliciting stimulus
Define: Emotional Expression
An observable sign of an emotional state
Define: Universality Hypothesis
Emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone
Define: Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Emotional expressions can cause the emotional experience they signify
Define: display rule
A norm appropriate expression of emotion, i.e. hiding contempt for mean boss
Define: motivation
Refers to the purpose for or psychological cause of an action
Define: Hedonic Principle
The claim that people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain
Define: Homeostasis
The tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in a particular state
Define: Drive
An internal state caused by physiological needs
Define: Metabolism
Refers to the rate at which energy is used by the body
Define: Intrinsic Motivation
Is a motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding. These activities don’t have a payoff, they are themselves the payoff.
Define: Extrinsic Motivation
A motivation to take actions that lead to reward
Define: Conscious Motivations
Motivations of which people aware
Define: Unconscious Motivations
Motivations of which people are not aware
Define: Need for Achievement
The motivation to solve worthwhile problems
Define: Avoidance Motivation
A motivation not to experience a negative outcome
Explain: Terror Management Theory
A theory about how people respond to knowledge of their own mortality. How people cope with their existential terror by developing “cultural worldview” .
Emotions can be described by their location on the two dimensions of…
Arousal and Valence
Which theorist claimed that a stimulus simultaneously causes both an emotional experience and physiological reaction?
Cannon-Bard
Which brain structure is most directly involve in the rapid appraisal of whether a stimulus is good or bad?
The amygdala
Through ____, we change an emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion-eliciting stimulus.
Reappraisal
______ is the idea that emotional expressions can cause emotional experiences.
The facial feedback hypothesis
Two friends have asked you to help them settle a disagreement. You hear each side of the story and have an emotional response to one viewpoint, but you don’t express it. This is an example of which display rule?
Neutralizing
Which of the following does NOT provide any distinguish sincere from insincere expressions?
-temporal patterning, duration, symmetry, levity-
Temporal patterning
The hedonic principle states that
People are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain
According to the early psychologist, an un,earned tendency to seek a particular goal is called..
An instinct
