Chapter 8: Emotion & Motivation

Question 0

Explain: James - Lange theory

Answer 0

The theory that a stimulus triggers activity in the body, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain

Question 1

Define: Emotion

Answer 1

A positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity

Question 2

Explain: Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 2

The theory that a stimulus simultanesouly triggers activity in the body and emotional experience in the brain

Question 3

Explain: two-factor theory

Answer 3

The theory that emotions are based on inferences about the causes of physiological arousal

Question 4

Define: Appraisal

Answer 4

An evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus

Question 5

Define: Emotion Regulation

Answer 5

The strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience

Question 6

Define: Reappraisal

Answer 6

Changing one’s emotional experience by changing the way one thinks about the emotion-eliciting stimulus

Question 7

Define: Emotional Expression

Answer 7

An observable sign of an emotional state

Question 8

Define: Universality Hypothesis

Answer 8

Emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone

Question 9

Define: Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 9

Emotional expressions can cause the emotional experience they signify

Question 10

Define: display rule

Answer 10

A norm appropriate expression of emotion, i.e. hiding contempt for mean boss

Question 11

Define: motivation

Answer 11

Refers to the purpose for or psychological cause of an action

Question 12

Define: Hedonic Principle

Answer 12

The claim that people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain

Question 13

Define: Homeostasis

Answer 13

The tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in a particular state

Question 14

Define: Drive

Answer 14

An internal state caused by physiological needs

Question 15

Define: Metabolism

Answer 15

Refers to the rate at which energy is used by the body

Question 16

Define: Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 16

Is a motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding. These activities don’t have a payoff, they are themselves the payoff.

Question 17

Define: Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 17

A motivation to take actions that lead to reward

Question 18

Define: Conscious Motivations

Answer 18

Motivations of which people aware

Question 19

Define: Unconscious Motivations

Answer 19

Motivations of which people are not aware

Question 20

Define: Need for Achievement

Answer 20

The motivation to solve worthwhile problems

Question 21

Define: Avoidance Motivation

Answer 21

A motivation not to experience a negative outcome

Question 22

Explain: Terror Management Theory

Answer 22

A theory about how people respond to knowledge of their own mortality. How people cope with their existential terror by developing “cultural worldview” .

Question 23

Emotions can be described by their location on the two dimensions of…

Answer 23

Arousal and Valence

Question 24

Which theorist claimed that a stimulus simultaneously causes both an emotional experience and physiological reaction?

Answer 24

Cannon-Bard

Question 25

Which brain structure is most directly involve in the rapid appraisal of whether a stimulus is good or bad?

Answer 25

The amygdala

Question 26

Through ____, we change an emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion-eliciting stimulus.

Answer 26

Reappraisal

Question 27

______ is the idea that emotional expressions can cause emotional experiences.

Answer 27

The facial feedback hypothesis

Question 28

Two friends have asked you to help them settle a disagreement. You hear each side of the story and have an emotional response to one viewpoint, but you don’t express it. This is an example of which display rule?

Answer 28

Neutralizing

Question 29

Which of the following does NOT provide any distinguish sincere from insincere expressions?

-temporal patterning, duration, symmetry, levity-

Answer 29

Temporal patterning

Question 30

The hedonic principle states that

Answer 30

People are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain

Question 31

According to the early psychologist, an un,earned tendency to seek a particular goal is called..

Answer 31

An instinct