Chapter 8 DNA Replication

Question 1

Is asexual reproduction? What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction wear one cell replicates it’s genetic material and split it into two
Sexual reproduction is a production of offspring his genetic make up comes from two parents

Question 2

What is meiosis?

Answer 2

Meiosis is a special process that gives rise to nuclei that are genetically different from one another.

To produce 4 daughter cells that have half the genetic information as to the parent cell

Question 3

What is mitosis?

Answer 3

Mitosis divides a eukaryotic cells genetic information into two identical nuclei
To produce 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell

Question 4

What is apoptosis?

Answer 4

Cell death

Question 5

What is replication?

Answer 5

DNA strands unwind and separate. New nucleotides form complementary base pairs with each exposed strand. The process ends with two identical double-stranded DNA molecules

Question 6

What is semi- conservative replication?

Answer 6

Semi-conservative replication is where Each DNA molecule has one parental strand and one daughter strand

Question 7

What are the proteins used in replication?

Answer 7

Helicase- unwinds double helix.
Binding proteins- stabilize each strand
Primase- (enzyme) adds short RNA primer to template strand
DNA polymerase- binds nucleotides to form new strands
Ligase- (enzyme) creates covalent bond between adjacent DNA segments

Question 8

What is an Okazaki fragment?

Answer 8

This is synthesis occurring between lagging strands creating Okazaki fragments.

Question 9

List the steps In the cell cycle of Mitosis

Answer 9

G2 late interphase
Early prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis 
G1 early interphase

Question 10

G2 late interphase

Answer 10

Cell checks for complete replication, preparation for division

Question 11

Early prophase

Answer 11

Chromosomes condense and become visible. Spindle forms as centrosomes move to opposite poles

Question 12

Prometaphase

Answer 12

Nuclear envelope breaks up. Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores on chromosomes

Question 13

Metaphase

Answer 13

Chromosomes line up along equator/center of cell

Question 14

Anaphase

Answer 14

Centromeres split as sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of cell.

Question 15

Telophase

Answer 15

Nuclear envelope and nucleolus form at each pole. Chromosomes deco dense. Spindle disappears

Question 16

Cytokinesis

Answer 16

Division of the cytoplasm into two cells.

Contractile ring forms to split cell.

Question 17

G1 early interphase

Answer 17

Cell resumes normal function or enters into another division cycle

Question 18

G0 phase

Answer 18

Cell continues to function but it does not replicate its DNA or divide.

Question 19

Which phases consist of Mitosis?

Answer 19

Early prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 20

What is Binary fission?

Answer 20

Process used by prokaryotic cells to create two daughter cells

Question 21

What creates cancer?

Answer 21

A cell loses its ability to control their cell division