Chapter 8: Digestive And Abdominal Organs Observations Of Anatomic Donors And Untrasounds Flashcards
What is the function of salivary glands
They produce saliva
What is the function of saliva
Contains digestive enzymes to start to break down large macromolecules like complex carbohydrates and proteins into smaller pieces
It also helps to lubricate food before swallowing
What is the stomach
An organ that contains an acidic solution and muscular walls to continue to break down food chemically and mechanically
What are the regions of the stomach
The cardiac region: the region around the where the esophagus enters
The fundus: the superior third
The body: the main portion
The pyloric region: the inferior tip
What is the lesser curvature
The superior border of the stomach, which is a small curve
What is the greater curvature
The inferior border of the stomach, which is broader
What is the pyloric sphincter
The ring of muscle that controls the passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum
What is the first section of the small intestine
The duodenum, which is about 10 inches long
What are the second and third portions of the small intestine
Jejunum and ileum
What is the main function of the small intestine
To absorb nutrients from the food
What is the first part of the large intestine
The cecum
What is the ileocecal valve
A sphincter that controls the movement of food from the ileum into the cecum
What is the appendix / verniform appendix
An enclosed tube dangling from the cecum
What are the final portions of the large intestine
The ascending, transverse descending, and sigmoid colon
What is the major function of the large intestine
To absorb water
What are the accessory digestive organs
Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, (kind of spleen it doesn’t play a role in digestion but it is in the abdomen)
What is the function of the liver
The secretion of bile, which aids in the digestion of fats
What is the gallbladder
A sac that stores bile that was secreted b y the liver, and releases the bile into the duodenum
What is the function of the pancreas
It produces and releases digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions into the duodenum
What structure is the liver, gallbladder and pancreas connected too
The duodenum via a series of ducts
- hepatic ducts
What is the flow of bile
Right and left lobes of the liver secrete bile -> either the left or right hepatic duct -> common hepatic duct -> common bile duct -> duodenum
Bile from the gallbladder -> cystic duct -> common bile duct -> duodenum
What is the function of the spleen
It filters blood and is a major part of the immune system
What is the highlighted structure
Salivary gland: Parotid
What is the highlighted structure
Salivary gland: submandibular
What is the highlighted structure
Salivary gland: sublingual
What is the highlighted structure
Pharynx
What is the highlighted structure
Tongue
What is the highlighted structure
Oral cavity
What is the highlighted structure
Esophagus
What is the highlighted structure
Pancreas
What is the highlighted structure
Liver
What is the highlighted structure
Gallbladder
What is the highlighted structure
Duodenum
What is the highlighted structure
Common bile duct
What is the highlighted structure
Transverse colon
What is the highlighted structure
Ascending colon
What is the highlighted structure
Descending colon
What is the highlighted structure
Cecum
What is the highlighted structure
Appendix
What is the highlighted structure
Stomach
What is the highlighted structure
Pancreatic duct
What is the highlighted structure
Ileum (small intestine)
What is the highlighted structure
Rectum
What is the highlighted structure
Anus
Which quadrant is this
Upper right
Which quadrant is this
Upper left
Which quadrant is this
Lower right
Which quadrant is this
Lower left
What is structure A
Mesentery/peritoneal membrane
What is structure B
Duodenum
What is structure C
Jejunum
What is structure D
Ileum
What is structure A
Esophagus
What is structure b
Fundus
What is structure C
Body
What is structure D
Pyloric antrum
What is structure E
Pyloric sphincter
What is structure F
Duodenum
What is structure G
Lesser Curvature
What is structure H
Greater curvature
What is structure A
Cecum
What is structure B
Appendix
What is structure C
Ascending colon
What is structure D
Transverse colon
What is structure E
Descending colon
What is structure F
Sigmoid colon
What is structure G
Rectum
What is structure H
Anus
What is structure A
Left and right hepatic ducts
What is structure B
Common hepatic duct
What is structure C
Cystic duct
What is structure D
Common bile duct
What is structure E
Gallbladder
What is structure F
Pancreas
What is structure G
Pancreatic duct
What is structure H
Spleen
What is structure I
Aorta
I1 - celiac trunk
I2 - superior mesenteric a.
What is structure J
Portal Vein
J1 - superior meseteric v.
J2 - splenic v.
What is structure A
Right lobe
What is structure B
Left lobe
What is structure C
Gallbladder
What is structure D
Cystic duct
What is structure E
Hepatic ducts
What is structure F
Common bile duct
What is structure G
Inferior vena cava
What is structure H
Portal vein
What are structures that can be found in an Upper Right quadrant
Liver
Gallbladder
Right half of transverse colon
Duodenum
Right kidney
What are organs that can be found in the upper left quadrant
Stomach
Spleen
Left half of transverse colon
Pancreas
Left kidney
What are the organs that can be found in the lower right quadrant
Small intestine
Ascending colon
Cecum
Appendix
What organs can be found in the lower left quadrant
Small intestine
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
What is the sagittal plane
Parallel to the longitudinal axis, so it extends from head to feet for humans. A sagittal plane separates the body into right and left sides
What is a frontal, or coronal plane
Perpendicular to a sagittal plane. It separates the body into anterior and posterior sides for humans
What is the transverse or horizontal plane
Separates the body into superior and inferior sides
What is plane A
Sagittal
What is plane B
Frontal (coronal)
What is plane C
Transverse (horizontal)
What is direction d
Cranial, superior
What is direction E
Caudal, inferior
What is direction F
Anterior, ventral
What is direction G
Posterior, dorsal
What is direction H
Medial
What is direction i
Lateral
What is direction J
Proximal
What is direction k
Distal
What is serous tissue
A type of thin tissue that secretes a watery lubricating substance
What is the serous tissue of the abdomen
Peritoneum
What is parietal peritoneum
The serous tissue lining the inside walls of the abdomen and pelvis
What is visceral peritoneum
The serous tissue that covers the surface of the abdomen and pelvic organs
What is a mesentery
Another category of serous tissue in the abdomen
When two sheets of visceral peritoneum come together and join apart from the organ
Two layers
Also called ligaments
When they separate again to run along the body wall, they become parietal peritoneum
What is the greater omentum
A large sac of mesentery between the abdominal organs and ventral body wall - it is connected to the greater curvature of the stomach
- sometimes referred to as the “fat curtain” that hangs from the stomach
What is the lesser omentum
The thin, typically translucent, mesentery stretching from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the duodenum to the liver. Also contains the common bile duct and the portal vein
What is the mesentery proper
The tissue that connects the coils of the ileum and jejunum to the body wall
Ensures that the small intestine folds nicely and is tied down in the abdomen