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Computer Science > Chapter 8. Databases > Flashcards

Chapter 8. Databases Flashcards

1
Q

What is an operating system (OS)?

A
  • Software that manages hardware resources and provides services for computer programs.
  • Acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware.
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2
Q

What are the main functions of an operating system?

A
  • Process management: Handles the execution of processes.
  • Memory management: Manages system memory allocation.
  • File system management: Controls the reading and writing of data to storage devices.
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3
Q

What are examples of popular operating systems?

A
  • Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS.
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4
Q

What is a process in the context of operating systems?

A
  • An instance of a program that is being executed.
  • Includes the program code and its current activity.
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5
Q

What is multitasking in operating systems?

A
  • The ability of the OS to execute multiple processes concurrently.
  • Increases the efficiency of the CPU by scheduling tasks.
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6
Q

What is the role of the kernel in an operating system?

A
  • The core component of the OS that manages system resources and communication between hardware and software.
  • Provides basic services such as memory management and process scheduling.
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7
Q

What are the differences between a monolithic kernel and a microkernel?

A
  • Monolithic kernel: All OS services run in kernel space, leading to better performance.
  • Microkernel: Only essential services run in kernel space, improving modularity and stability.
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8
Q

What is the purpose of device drivers?

A
  • Software that allows the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.
  • Translates OS commands into device-specific instructions.
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9
Q

What is a user interface in the context of operating systems?

A
  • The means by which users interact with the computer system.
  • Types: Command-line interface (CLI), Graphical user interface (GUI).
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10
Q

What is virtual memory in an operating system?

A
  • A memory management technique that uses a portion of the hard drive as if it were RAM.
  • Allows for larger applications to run on systems with limited physical memory.
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11
Q

What is the purpose of the file system in an OS?

A
  • Organizes and manages data storage on a device.
  • Provides a way to store, retrieve, and update data.
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12
Q

What are common file systems used in operating systems?

A
  • NTFS (Windows), HFS+ (macOS), ext4 (Linux), FAT32 (various).
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13
Q

What is process scheduling in an operating system?

A
  • The method by which the OS decides the order in which processes are executed.
  • Aims to maximize CPU efficiency and ensure fairness among processes.
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14
Q

What is the difference between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling?

A
  • Preemptive scheduling: The OS can interrupt and switch between processes.
  • Non-preemptive scheduling: Once a process starts, it runs to completion without interruption.
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15
Q

What is a deadlock in operating systems?

A
  • A situation where two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release resources.
  • Can cause the system to become unresponsive.
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16
Q

What are the types of user accounts in operating systems?

A
  • Administrator (or root) account: Full control over the system.
  • Standard user account: Limited permissions to ensure system security.
17
Q

What is the purpose of an interrupt in an operating system?

A
  • A signal that informs the OS of an event that needs immediate attention.
  • Allows the OS to respond to events like hardware malfunctions or user inputs.
18
Q

What are the differences between system software and application software?

A
  • System software: Includes the OS and utility programs that manage computer resources.
  • Application software: Programs designed to perform specific tasks for users.
19
Q

What is a real-time operating system (RTOS)?

A
  • An OS designed to process data as it comes in, typically used in embedded systems.
  • Ensures timely and predictable responses to events.
20
Q

What are the advantages of open-source operating systems?

A
  • Free to use and modify.
  • Supported by a community of developers.
  • Offers transparency and flexibility for customization.

Computer Science (16 decks)

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