Chapter 1. Information Representation Flashcards
What are binary magnitudes and prefixes?
- Binary magnitudes refer to the size of binary numbers.
- Binary prefixes: kibi (Ki), mebi (Mi), gibi (Gi), tebi (Ti).
- Decimal prefixes: kilo (k), mega (M), giga (G), tera (T).
How do you convert between different number bases?
- Use binary, denary, hexadecimal bases.
- Convert by grouping digits and translating based on base values.
What is Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)?
- BCD represents each decimal digit separately in binary.
- Used in digital clocks and calculators.
What is the purpose of hexadecimal in computing?
- Simplifies representation of binary numbers.
- Used in color codes and memory addresses.
How does binary addition work?
- Add corresponding bits with carry.
- Example: 1 + 1 = 10 (carry 1).
What is overflow in binary arithmetic?
- Occurs when a calculation exceeds the allocated number of bits.
- Example: Adding two large binary numbers may result in an overflow.
What are the characteristics of bitmapped images?
- Composed of pixels, each with a color value.
- Quality depends on resolution and color depth.
What affects the file size of a bitmapped image?
- Image resolution (pixels per inch).
- Color depth (bits per pixel).
How is sound represented digitally?
- Sound is sampled at regular intervals.
- Each sample is converted to a binary value.
What is the difference between lossy and lossless compression?
- Lossy: Reduces file size by removing some data (e.g., JPEG).
- Lossless: Compresses without data loss (e.g., PNG).
What is run-length encoding (RLE)?
- A simple form of lossless compression.
- Encodes sequences of repeated characters or pixels.
How are vector graphics encoded?
- Use geometric shapes and formulas.
- Suitable for images that require scaling.
What are the benefits of using vector graphics?
- Maintain quality when resized.
- Smaller file size for simple images.
How does changing the sampling rate affect sound quality?
- Higher sampling rate captures more detail.
- Increases file size.
Explain the need for compression in multimedia.
- Reduces file size to save storage space and bandwidth.
- Makes file transmission faster.
How is character data represented in computers?
- Using character sets like ASCII and Unicode.
- Each character has a binary representation.
What are the uses of ASCII and Unicode?
- ASCII: Represents English characters.
- Unicode: Supports a wide range of characters from different languages.
What is the difference between image resolution and screen resolution?
- Image resolution: Pixels in the image.
- Screen resolution: Pixels displayed on a screen.
How does color depth affect image quality?
- Higher color depth means more colors and better image quality.
- Affects file size.
Describe a practical application of hexadecimal in computing.
- Used in defining color codes in web design.
- Simplifies binary address representation in memory.
