chapter 8 - cellular structure and function

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

basic unit of all forms of life

Question 2

cell theory

Answer 2

fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things: and that new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 3

prokaryote

Answer 3

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

Question 4

eukaryote

Answer 4

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

Question 5

nucleus (of cell)

Answer 5

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Question 6

organelles

Answer 6

specialized structure that performs importnat cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Question 8

nuclear envekope

Answer 8

The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes that in eukaryotic cells surround the nucleus, which encloses the genetic material. The nuclear envelope consists of two lipid bilayer membranes: an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane.

Question 9

ribosome

Answer 9

cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis

Question 10

rough ER

Answer 10

The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.

Question 11

smooth er

Answer 11

Functions of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. The smooth ER is important in the synthesis of lipids, such as cholesterol and phospholipids, which form all the membranes of the organism. In addition it is important for the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones from cholesterol and other lipid precursors.

Question 12

golgi apparatus

Answer 12

organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages protein and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release out of the cell

Question 13

mitochondria

Answer 13

cell organelle that converts the shemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convinient for the cellulose

Question 14

chloroplast

Answer 14

organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compartments that are more convinient for the cellulose

Question 15

vacuole

Answer 15

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbon dioxides

Question 16

lysosome

Answer 16

cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbon, one protein into small molecules the can be used by the rest of the cell

Question 17

centrioles

Answer 17

In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin. Centrioles are found in most eukaryotic cells, but are not present in conifers, flowering plants and …

Question 18

cell membrane

Answer 18

the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 19

cell wall

Answer 19

strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells (plant cells)

Question 20

cytoskeleton

Answer 20

network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal orginization conducts individual in movement

Question 21

lipid bilayer

Answer 21

flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surrondings

Question 22

selectively permeable

Answer 22

property of biblogical membrances that allows some substances to pass across it while other cannot; also called semi-permeable membrane

Question 23

diffusion

Answer 23

process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Question 24

osmosis

Answer 24

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 25

hypotonic

Answer 25

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Question 26

hypertonic

Answer 26

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Question 27

facilitated diffusion

Answer 27

process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrance through cell membrance channels

Question 28

active transport

Answer 28

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration assisted by enzymes. (channel and carrier proteins) (endo and exo cytosis)

Question 29

endocytosis

Answer 29

taking in matter (cellular eating), pinocytosis (liquid), phagosytosis (food)

Question 30

exocytosis

Answer 30

out of cell

Question 31

homeostasis

Answer 31

relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms mantain

Question 32

tissue

Answer 32

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

Question 33

organ

Answer 33

group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions

Question 34

organ system

Answer 34

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function