chapter 3 - the biosphere

Question 1

ecology

Answer 1

scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

Question 2

bioshpere

Answer 2

part of earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

Question 3

species

Answer 3

a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Question 4

population

Answer 4

group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

Question 5

community

Answer 5

assemblage of different populations that live together that live together in a defined area

Question 6

ecosystem

Answer 6

all the organsims that live in a place, together with their nonliving environment

Question 7

biome

Answer 7

a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

Question 8

biotic factor

Answer 8

any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact

Question 9

abiotic factor

Answer 9

physical or nonliving factor that shapes an ecosystem

Question 10

weather

Answer 10

short term change in temperature, precipitation, clouds, and wind from day to day, or minute to minute

Question 11

climate

Answer 11

patterns and averages of temperatures, precipitation, clouds and winds over many years

Question 12

greenhouse effect

Answer 12

greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide methane, and water vapor, trap heat in the atmosphere

Question 13

wetland

Answer 13

ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for at least part of the year

Question 14

estuary

Answer 14

kind of wetland formed where a river meets the ocean

Question 15

marsh

Answer 15

A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species. Marshes can often be found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They are often dominated by grasses, rushes or reeds.

Question 16

swamp

Answer 16

A swamp is a forested wetland. Swamps are considered to be transition zones because both land and water play a role in creating this environment. Swamps vary in size and are located all around the world. The water of a swamp may be fresh water, brackish water, or seawater

Question 17

photic zone

Answer 17

sunlight region near the surface of water

Question 18

aphotic zone

Answer 18

dark layer of the ocean below the photc zone where sunlight does not penetrate

Question 19

coastal zone

Answer 19

exists from the low tide ark down to the outer edge of continental shelf, close to the shore (little mermaid zone)

Question 20

intertidal zone

Answer 20

exists in the photic zone close to land, where swimming happens; waves, temperature changes, sea water changes, currents, under tow, rocky (barnacles, seaweed, starfish, snails, urchins) (down to shallow to standing sea florr)

Question 21

open ocean

Answer 21

begins at the edge of the continental shelf, covers more than 90% of ocean and is open ocean (goes deep), photic and aphotic zone, many sea animals

Question 22

benthos

Answer 22

floor of body of water, sediment surface

Question 23

polar zone

Answer 23

The polar regions, also called the frigid zones or polar zones, of Earth are the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (north and south pole) , lying within the polar circles. artic circle top, antartic circle bottom

Question 24

temperate zone

Answer 24

In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. tropic of cancer to artic circle, tropic of capricorn to antartic circle

Question 25

tropical zone

Answer 25

The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator, hot climate