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bio vocab midterm > chapter 1 and chapter 2 - the science of biology and the chemistry of life > Flashcards

chapter 1 and chapter 2 - the science of biology and the chemistry of life Flashcards

1
Q

science

A

the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained.

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2
Q

biology

A

the science that employs scientific methodology to study living things (study of life)

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3
Q

observation

A

the act of noticing and describing event or processes in a careful or oderly way

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4
Q

data

A

quantitative data is numbers and
qualitative is non measurable characterists (words

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5
Q

inference

A

logical interpretation based on what scientist already know a combined with a creative imagination can lead to a hypothesis

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6
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative scientific explanation that can be tested by further observation or by experimentation

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7
Q

spontaneous generation

A

the supposed production of living organisms from nonliving matter, as inferred from the apparent appearance of life in some supposedly sterile environments.

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8
Q

biogenesis

A

the hypothesis that living matter arises only from other living matter (chicken laying egg)

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9
Q

controlled experiment

A

an experiment where only one variable is changed and the other one is unchanged/controlled

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10
Q

control group

A

exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except nor changed in the independent variable

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11
Q

independent variable

A

the variable deliberately changed

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12
Q

dependent variable

A

the variable that is observed and changes in response to the independent variable

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13
Q

theory

A

researchers hope that data from in advanced experiment adds up to something bigger a lesser and more useful understanding of how the world works

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14
Q

DNA

A

genetic code with a few minor variations determines inherited traits of every organism on earth (carries genetics)

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15
Q

stimulus

A

a signal to which an organism responds

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16
Q

sexual reproduction

A

cells from 2 different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism

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17
Q

asexual reproduction

A

cells from a single parent unite to produce the first cell of the new organism

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18
Q

homeostasis

A

a self regulating process by which biological systems mantain stability while changing external conditions by physiological processes

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19
Q

metabolism

A

combination of chemical reactions as it corrects out its life process

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20
Q

biosphere

A

part of earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

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21
Q

light microscope

A

The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects.

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22
Q

electron microscope

A

An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination.

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23
Q

atom

A

the basic unit of matter

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24
Q

nucleus (of atom)

A

the center of an atom, made of protons and nuetrons

25
proton
A proton is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom with a positive electrical charge
26
nuetron
The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n⁰ , which has a neutral charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton.
27
electron
a negatively charged particle
28
element
a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
29
isotope
atoms of the same element that differ in the number of nuetrons
30
compound
a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements
31
ionic bond
formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another; what holds compounds together
32
ions
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention.
33
covalent bond
when moving electrons travel about the nuclei of multiple atoms
34
van der waals forces
the attraction between molecules with no electronis bond, weak and suspectible to change
35
hydrogen bond
the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge
36
cohesion
the attraction betwwen molecules of the same substance
37
adhesion
the attraction between molecules of different substances
38
mixture
a material composed of 2 or more element compunds that are physically mixed together not chemically combined
39
solution
all compounds evenly distributed throughout
40
solute
the substance that is dissolved
41
solvent
the substance in which the solute dissolves
42
suspension
mixtures of water and non dissolved materials
43
pH scale
a measurement system for indicating the concentration of H+ ions
44
acid
any compound that releases H+ ions into solution
45
base
a compound that produces (OH-) ions in solution
46
buffers
weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden change in pH
47
monomer
smaller units which are used to form a polymer
48
polymer
the end result of polymorization (any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer)
49
carbohydrates
made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; used to store and release heat as well for structural support and proratation
50
monosaccharide
also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built.
51
lipids
large and varied group of macromolecules that are generally not soluble in water; made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms
52
nucleic acids
polymers assembled from nucleotide
53
chemical reactions
a process that changed or transforms one set of compounds into another
54
reactant
the elements of compounds that engage in a chemical reaction
55
product
the element or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
56
activation energy (E)
the energy needed to get a reaction gifted
57
catalyst
a substance that speeds up the role of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction
58
enzyme
biological catalysts; usually proteins
59
substrates
the reaction of enzymes catalyst reactions

bio vocab midterm (6 decks)

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