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bio vocab midterm > chapter 1 and chapter 2 - the science of biology and the chemistry of life > Flashcards

chapter 1 and chapter 2 - the science of biology and the chemistry of life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

science

A

the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained.

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2
Q

biology

A

the science that employs scientific methodology to study living things (study of life)

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3
Q

observation

A

the act of noticing and describing event or processes in a careful or oderly way

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4
Q

data

A

quantitative data is numbers and
qualitative is non measurable characterists (words

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5
Q

inference

A

logical interpretation based on what scientist already know a combined with a creative imagination can lead to a hypothesis

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6
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative scientific explanation that can be tested by further observation or by experimentation

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7
Q

spontaneous generation

A

the supposed production of living organisms from nonliving matter, as inferred from the apparent appearance of life in some supposedly sterile environments.

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8
Q

biogenesis

A

the hypothesis that living matter arises only from other living matter (chicken laying egg)

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9
Q

controlled experiment

A

an experiment where only one variable is changed and the other one is unchanged/controlled

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10
Q

control group

A

exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except nor changed in the independent variable

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11
Q

independent variable

A

the variable deliberately changed

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12
Q

dependent variable

A

the variable that is observed and changes in response to the independent variable

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13
Q

theory

A

researchers hope that data from in advanced experiment adds up to something bigger a lesser and more useful understanding of how the world works

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14
Q

DNA

A

genetic code with a few minor variations determines inherited traits of every organism on earth (carries genetics)

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15
Q

stimulus

A

a signal to which an organism responds

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16
Q

sexual reproduction

A

cells from 2 different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism

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17
Q

asexual reproduction

A

cells from a single parent unite to produce the first cell of the new organism

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18
Q

homeostasis

A

a self regulating process by which biological systems mantain stability while changing external conditions by physiological processes

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19
Q

metabolism

A

combination of chemical reactions as it corrects out its life process

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20
Q

biosphere

A

part of earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

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21
Q

light microscope

A

The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects.

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22
Q

electron microscope

A

An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination.

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23
Q

atom

A

the basic unit of matter

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24
Q

nucleus (of atom)

A

the center of an atom, made of protons and nuetrons

25
Q

proton

A

A proton is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom with a positive electrical charge

26
Q

nuetron

A

The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n⁰ , which has a neutral charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton.

27
Q

electron

A

a negatively charged particle

28
Q

element

A

a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

29
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element that differ in the number of nuetrons

30
Q

compound

A

a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements

31
Q

ionic bond

A

formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another; what holds compounds together

32
Q

ions

A

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention.

33
Q

covalent bond

A

when moving electrons travel about the nuclei of multiple atoms

34
Q

van der waals forces

A

the attraction between molecules with no electronis bond, weak and suspectible to change

35
Q

hydrogen bond

A

the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge

36
Q

cohesion

A

the attraction betwwen molecules of the same substance

37
Q

adhesion

A

the attraction between molecules of different substances

38
Q

mixture

A

a material composed of 2 or more element compunds that are physically mixed together not chemically combined

39
Q

solution

A

all compounds evenly distributed throughout

40
Q

solute

A

the substance that is dissolved

41
Q

solvent

A

the substance in which the solute dissolves

42
Q

suspension

A

mixtures of water and non dissolved materials

43
Q

pH scale

A

a measurement system for indicating the concentration of H+ ions

44
Q

acid

A

any compound that releases H+ ions into solution

45
Q

base

A

a compound that produces (OH-) ions in solution

46
Q

buffers

A

weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden change in pH

47
Q

monomer

A

smaller units which are used to form a polymer

48
Q

polymer

A

the end result of polymorization (any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer)

49
Q

carbohydrates

A

made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; used to store and release heat as well for structural support and proratation

50
Q

monosaccharide

A

also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built.

51
Q

lipids

A

large and varied group of macromolecules that are generally not soluble in water; made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms

52
Q

nucleic acids

A

polymers assembled from nucleotide

53
Q

chemical reactions

A

a process that changed or transforms one set of compounds into another

54
Q

reactant

A

the elements of compounds that engage in a chemical reaction

55
Q

product

A

the element or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

56
Q

activation energy (E)

A

the energy needed to get a reaction gifted

57
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up the role of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction

58
Q

enzyme

A

biological catalysts; usually proteins

59
Q

substrates

A

the reaction of enzymes catalyst reactions

bio vocab midterm (6 decks)

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