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Biology lecture > Chapter 8 - Cellular Reproduction > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Cellular Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

A benign tumor is a condition in which tumor cells _______

A

remain confined to their original site

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2
Q

Which of the following is a function of the cell cycle that involves mitosis in eukaryotes?

A

Cell replacement

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3
Q

The cell cycle is a series of events that occur in which order?

A

G1, S, G2, Mitosis, cytokenesis

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4
Q

The process of meiosis accomplishes which of the following choices?

A

It provides for formation of four haploid cells and allows exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

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5
Q

How many chromosomes can a gamete possess as a result of nondisjunction?

A

n+1 or n-1

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6
Q

Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following EXCEPT

A

Production of sperm and eggs

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7
Q

Meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of _______

A

Four haploid cells

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8
Q

Which of the following will help prevent cancer and increase survival?

A

Seek early detection of tumors

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9
Q

The cell cycle results in the production of ________

A

two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information

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10
Q

With the exception of gametes, a human cell contains _____ chromosomes

A

46

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11
Q

A duplicated chromosomes consists of two ____

A

sister chromatids

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12
Q

Asexual reproduction ________

A

can produce offspring genetically identical to the one single parent

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13
Q

Which of these events occurs during anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids separate

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14
Q

How is sexual reproduction different from asexual reproduction?

A

Sexual reproduction requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm

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15
Q

During metaphase _____

A

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

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16
Q

Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called _____

A

autosomes

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17
Q

Crossing over is ______

A

the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes

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18
Q

A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokineses would _______

A

have two nuclei

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19
Q

Most of an organism’s DNA is carried by its ______

A

chromosomes

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20
Q

Which of the following is the correct order for the four main stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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21
Q

During metaphase I ______

A

homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

22
Q

Replication of chromosomal DNA occurs ______

A

in the S phase of interphase

23
Q

The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the _____

A

nucleus

24
Q

Which of the following occur during interphase?

A

Chromosome duplication

25
Q

A consequence of asexual reproduction in a plant is that ____

A

its entire legacy can remain intact

26
Q

During anaphase II ____

A

sister chromatids separate and migrate toward opposite poles

27
Q

Which one of the following combinations of sex chromosomes results in Turner syndrome?

A

XO

28
Q

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair during ____

A

prophase I

29
Q

Crossing over is ____

A

the exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes

30
Q

The diploid phase of the human life cycle begins with _____

A

fertilization

31
Q

What is the function of meiosis?

A

To make cells with a haploid (half that of the parents) number of chromosomes

32
Q

When we say than an organism is haploid, we mean that ____

A

its cells each have one set of chromosomes

33
Q

Crossing over occurs during _____

A

prophase I

34
Q

Which of the following is a normal human female?

A

XX

35
Q

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes sometimes “stick together” and do not separate properly. The phenomenon is known as ______

A

nondisjunction

36
Q

Mitosis and meiosis differ in several ways. Mitosis, but not meiosis, ____

A

results in two genetically identical daughter cells

37
Q

In a cell containing 10 chromosomes, meiosis results in the formation of daughter cells containing ___ chromosomes

A

5

38
Q

What is the normal result of a diploid cell undergoing meiosis?

A

four haploid cells

39
Q

Each cell in an individual with down syndrome contains ___ chromosomes

A

47

40
Q

A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does is contain altogether?

A

92

41
Q

It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase because _____

A

they have uncoiled to form long, thin strands

42
Q

In the telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and the chromatin uncoils. This is essentially the opposite of what happens in _____

A

prophase

43
Q

One event occurring during prophase is _____

A

the beginning of the formation of the mitotic spindle

44
Q

Which one of the following occurs during mitosis?

A

Chromatids separate

45
Q

In animal cell mitosis, the cleavage furrow forms during _____

A

cytokinesis

46
Q

What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

A

Benign tumors do not metastasize: malignant tumors do

47
Q

The ability to reproduce sexually or asexually _____

A

is a criterion for distinguishing living things from nonliving matter

48
Q

Most of an organism’s DNA is carried by its

A

chromosomes

49
Q

Sexual reproduction requires the cellular process of ____ followed by _____

A

meiosis…fertilization

50
Q

A typical body cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes is called a _____

A

somatic cell

51
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

A

Meiosis results in gametes that are used in reproduction

52
Q

Orientation of homologous pairs of chromosomes at metaphase I results in alternative arrangements that contribute to genetic variation in offspring. The orientation is called ____

A

independent assortment

Biology lecture (8 decks)

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