Chapter 11 Flashcards
The process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is
gene expression
What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription
DNA packing and unpacking
Although all of the cells in your body contain a complete set of DNA, they have different function because
different genes are switched on and off in each type of cell
How many active X chromosomes are there in each cell of a female mammal?
One
In an operon, the _____ acts as an on/off switch
operator
What is a difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated; adult stem cells are partially differentiated
Which of the following cell is least differentiated?
Embryonic stem cells
Which of these is a type of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?
Alteration of proteins
Which of these is a type of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?
Alteration of proteins
How can a single RNA transcript be translated into different polypeptides?
There is more than one way to splice an RNA transcript
What kinds of somatic cell gene mutations can frequently lead to the first stages of cancer?
Mutations in genes that regulate cell division
What name is given to a gene that causes cancer?
Oncogene
Which of the following would be most likely to lead to cancer?
Mutations in proto-oncogenes and inactivation of a tumor-supressor gene
____ is responsible for more cancers than any other carcinogen
Tobacco
Cells in a multicellular organism may regulate gene expression in a distant cell. An example of this secretion of
hormones
How is it that cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?
The cells exhibit different patters of gene expression
Cells communicate with one another via _____
signal transduction pathways
Tumor-suppressor genes are important in the prevention of cancer because they ______
produce gene products that prevent uncontrolled cell growth
Introns are _____
non-coding DNA sequences
The second-leading cause of death in most developed countries (following heart disease) is _______
cancer
Homeotic genes are best described as ______
genes that regulate groups of other genes that determine what body parts will develop in which locations
