Chapter 12 Flashcards
To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with _____
restriction enzymes
Which enzyme is used to bind DNA fragments together?
DNA ligase
You are attempting to link an individual to a crime scene. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to make the association?
You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for restriction fragment anaylsis
Archeologists unearthed a human skull with a small dried fragment of the scalp still attached. They extracted a tiny amount of DNA from the scalp tissue. How could they obtain sufficient DNA for an analysis of the ancient human’s genes?
Use the polymerase chain reaction
A vaccine works by _____
stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses
The following figure shows that gel electrophoresis can be used to separate repetitive DNA sequence. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments becasuse _______
the DNA fragments have different lenghts
Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by _____
gel electrophoresis
Which of these can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?
Plasmids
Of these steps, which occurs first in the production of a recombinant plasmid?
Isolation of a plasmid from a bacterium
Restriction enzymes are obtained from _____
bacteria
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ____
length
Of these steps, which one occurs earliest in the process of producing recombinant DNA?
The same restriction enzyme is used to isolate the gene of interest and to cut the plasmid DNA
In recombinant DNA experiments, ____ is used to cut pieces of DNA and ____ joins the resulting frgaments to form recombinant DNA
a restriction enzyme…DNA ligase
In human gene therapy ____
normal versions of genese are transferred to patients who carry a mutated allele
An example of a successful gene therapy approach to treating human disease is seen in a procedure ______
using gene therapy to treat severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
Which of these is a genetically modified organism?
An organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means
The term “restriction fragments” refers to _____
pieces of DNA that have been cut into different lengths
Human insulin is produced in large quantities by _____
recombinant E. coli bacteria grown in large fermentation vats
One of the most difficult ethical issues related to DNA technology is the question _____
“How do we prevent genetic information from being used in a discriminatory manner?”
Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?
DNA that includes pieces from two different sources
The world’s first genetically engineered pharmaceutical product was ____
humulin
Which enzyme “pastes” DNA fragments together?
DNA ligase
Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include _____
A)the potential for interfering in evolution
B) the safety of GM foods
C) the potential discrimination against people predisposed to certain diseases
D) the appropriateness of creating new plants, animals, and microorganisms
E) all of the above
How do forensic investigators use DNA fingerprinting to link a particular suspect to a particular crime scene?
Forensic investigators compare genetic markers in DNA taken from suspects to genetic markers in DNA from crime scene samples
