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Bio112 > Chapter 8 Cell Communication > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Cell Communication Flashcards

1
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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2
Q

Autocrine signal

A

Signal sent and received by the same cell

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3
Q

Autoinducer

A

Signaling molecule secreted by bacteria to communicate with others

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4
Q

Cell-surface receptor

A

Protein transmitting signal from outside to inside the cell

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5
Q

Chemical synapse

A

Small space between nerve cells where neurotransmitters function

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6
Q

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

A

Second messenger derived from ATP

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7
Q

Cyclic AMP-dependent kinase (PKA)

A

Kinase activated by binding to cAMP

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8
Q

Diacylglycerol (DAG)

A

Cleavage product of PIP2 used for signaling within the plasma membrane

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9
Q

Dimer

A

Chemical compound formed by two molecules joining

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10
Q

Endocrine cell

A

Cell releasing ligands involved in endocrine signaling (hormones)

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11
Q

Endocrine signal

A

Long-distance signal delivered by ligands (hormones) in the circulatory system

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12
Q

Extracellular domain

A

Region of a cell-surface receptor located on the cell surface

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13
Q

G-protein-coupled receptor

A

Cell-surface receptor activating G-proteins to transmit signals

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14
Q

Inhibitor

A

Molecule binding and preventing a protein (usually enzyme) from functioning

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15
Q

Inositol phospholipid (PIP2)

A

Lipid converted into a second messenger

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16
Q

Inositol triphosphate (IP3)

A

Cleavage product of PIP2 used for signaling within the cell

17
Q

Intercellular signaling

A

Communication between cells

18
Q

Internal receptor

A

Receptor protein located in the cell’s cytosol and binds to ligands

19
Q

Intracellular signaling

A

Communication within cells

20
Q

Ion channel-linked receptor

A

Cell-surface receptor forming a plasma membrane channel opening upon ligand binding

21
Q

Kinase

A

Enzyme transferring a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule

22
Q

Ligand

A

Molecule produced by a signaling cell that binds with a specific receptor

23
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical ligand carrying a signal from one nerve cell to another

24
Q

Paracrine signal

A

Signal between nearby cells delivered by ligands in the liquid medium

25
Q

Phosphatase

A

Enzyme removing the phosphate group from a phosphorylated molecule

26
Q

Quorum sensing

A

Method of cellular communication informing bacteria of other bacteria’s abundance

27
Q

Receptor

A

Protein in or on a target cell that binds to ligands

28
Q

Second messenger

A

Small, non-protein molecule propagating a signal within the cell after receptor activation

29
Q

Signal transduction

A

Propagation of the signal through the cell’s cytoplasm (and sometimes nucleus)

30
Q

Signaling pathway

A

Chain of events propagating the signal from the plasma membrane to produce a response

Bio112 (4 decks)

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