Chapter 8 Cell Communication

Question 1

Apoptosis

Answer 1

Programmed cell death

Question 2

Autocrine signal

Answer 2

Signal sent and received by the same cell

Question 3

Autoinducer

Answer 3

Signaling molecule secreted by bacteria to communicate with others

Question 4

Cell-surface receptor

Answer 4

Protein transmitting signal from outside to inside the cell

Question 5

Chemical synapse

Answer 5

Small space between nerve cells where neurotransmitters function

Question 6

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Answer 6

Second messenger derived from ATP

Question 7

Cyclic AMP-dependent kinase (PKA)

Answer 7

Kinase activated by binding to cAMP

Question 8

Diacylglycerol (DAG)

Answer 8

Cleavage product of PIP2 used for signaling within the plasma membrane

Question 9

Dimer

Answer 9

Chemical compound formed by two molecules joining

Question 10

Endocrine cell

Answer 10

Cell releasing ligands involved in endocrine signaling (hormones)

Question 11

Endocrine signal

Answer 11

Long-distance signal delivered by ligands (hormones) in the circulatory system

Question 12

Extracellular domain

Answer 12

Region of a cell-surface receptor located on the cell surface

Question 13

G-protein-coupled receptor

Answer 13

Cell-surface receptor activating G-proteins to transmit signals

Question 14

Inhibitor

Answer 14

Molecule binding and preventing a protein (usually enzyme) from functioning

Question 15

Inositol phospholipid (PIP2)

Answer 15

Lipid converted into a second messenger

Question 16

Inositol triphosphate (IP3)

Answer 16

Cleavage product of PIP2 used for signaling within the cell

Question 17

Intercellular signaling

Answer 17

Communication between cells

Question 18

Internal receptor

Answer 18

Receptor protein located in the cell’s cytosol and binds to ligands

Question 19

Intracellular signaling

Answer 19

Communication within cells

Question 20

Ion channel-linked receptor

Answer 20

Cell-surface receptor forming a plasma membrane channel opening upon ligand binding

Question 21

Kinase

Answer 21

Enzyme transferring a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule

Question 22

Ligand

Answer 22

Molecule produced by a signaling cell that binds with a specific receptor

Question 23

Neurotransmitter

Answer 23

Chemical ligand carrying a signal from one nerve cell to another

Question 24

Paracrine signal

Answer 24

Signal between nearby cells delivered by ligands in the liquid medium

Question 25

Phosphatase

Answer 25

Enzyme removing the phosphate group from a phosphorylated molecule

Question 26

Quorum sensing

Answer 26

Method of cellular communication informing bacteria of other bacteria’s abundance

Question 27

Receptor

Answer 27

Protein in or on a target cell that binds to ligands

Question 28

Second messenger

Answer 28

Small, non-protein molecule propagating a signal within the cell after receptor activation

Question 29

Signal transduction

Answer 29

Propagation of the signal through the cell’s cytoplasm (and sometimes nucleus)

Question 30

Signaling pathway

Answer 30

Chain of events propagating the signal from the plasma membrane to produce a response