Chapter 10 Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Aneuploid

Answer 1

Individual with an error in chromosome number (deletions, duplications).

Question 2

Autosome

Answer 2

Any non-sex chromosome.

Question 3

Chromosome inversion

Answer 3

Detachment, 180° rotation, and reinsertion of a chromosome arm.

Question 4

Crossover (recombination)

Answer 4

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids.

Question 5

Euploid

Answer 5

Individual with the correct number of chromosomes for their species.

Question 6

Fertilization

Answer 6

Union of two haploid cells from different organisms.

Question 7

Germ cell

Answer 7

Specialized cell line producing gametes (eggs, sperm).

Question 8

Karyotype

Answer 8

Number and appearance of an individual’s chromosomes.

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

Nuclear division process resulting in four haploid cells.

Question 10

Meiosis I

Answer 10

First meiotic division (reduction division) reducing ploidy from diploid to haploid.

Question 11

Meiosis II

Answer 11

Second meiotic division separating sister chromatids into individual chromosomes, resulting in four haploid cells.

Question 12

Monosomy

Answer 12

Diploid genotype missing one chromosome.

Question 13

Nondisjunction

Answer 13

Failure of homologs to separate during meiosis I.

Question 14

Polyploid

Answer 14

Individual with an incorrect number of chromosome sets.

Question 15

Recombinant

Answer 15

Something composed of genetic material from two sources (e.g., chromosome with segments from both parents).

Question 16

Reduction division

Answer 16

Nuclear division producing daughter nuclei with half the chromosomes as the parental nucleus (e.g., meiosis I).

Question 17

Sister chromatid

Answer 17

One strand of DNA bound as a pair in a replicated chromosome (bound at the centromere).

Question 18

Somatic cell

Answer 18

Any cell of a multicellular organism except gametes.

Question 19

Synapsis

Answer 19

Close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase I.

Question 20

Tetrad

Answer 20

Two duplicated homologous chromosomes (four chromatids) bound during prophase I.

Question 21

Translocation

Answer 21

Process of a chromosome segment detaching and reattaching to a different chromosome.

Question 22

Trisomy

Answer 22

Diploid genotype with one entire chromosome duplicated.

Question 23

X inactivation

Answer 23

Condensation of X chromosomes into Barr bodies during female embryonic development.